3a. Thorax HAL - Acland Videos

Question 1

where does the SVC bring blood from and where does it take blood into

Answer 1

from upper body -> SVC -> right atrium

Question 2

where does the IVC bring blood from and where does it take blood into

Answer 2

from lower body -> IVC -> right atrium

Question 3

the IVC goes through what structure in the chest cavity before it reaches the right atrium

Answer 3

through the diaphragm

Question 4

the blood from the heart enters the right atrium via what

Answer 4

coronary sinus

Question 5

when the atrium contracts in diastole the blood passes forwards through what structure to what chamber

Answer 5

right atrio-ventricular valve/tricuspid valve

into the right ventricle

Question 6

the blood from lungs move into pulmonary veins to get into what chamber

Answer 6

pulmonary veins into the left ventricle

Question 7

how many pulmonary veins are there and where are they from

Answer 7

4 total

2 from right lung and 2 from left lung

Question 8

in diastole blood in the left atrium move past what structure and go into what chamber

Answer 8

through left atrioventricular valve/mitral valve

into left ventricle

Question 9

when blood passes through the mitral valve, the blood flows in what direction in diastole and systole

Answer 9

diastole = into heart from left atrium

systole = out of left ventricle into the aortic arch

Question 10

how many cusps does the pulmonary and aortic valves have

Answer 10

3 cusps

Question 11

the dilation in the trunks of the tricuspid valves origins consists of what 3 things

what does their position match

Answer 11

3 bulges known as sinuses

position matches the position of valve cusps

Question 12

each cusp has a free border that does what with neighbours

Answer 12

closes against neighbors

Question 13

in diastole the 3 cusps do what

Answer 13

press against each other to meet exactly at one point

Question 14

inside the aorta above the valve is located what 2 structures

Answer 14

left and right coronary arteries

Question 15

the pulmonary trunk passes where in relation to the aorta and what does it do when it has passed the aorta

Answer 15

passes back to the left of the aorta and divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries

Question 16

the right pulmonary artery curves around what structure of the heart and passes where in relation to the aorta and SVC

Answer 16

curves around left atrium

passes behind the root of the aorta and behind the SVC

Question 17

what does the right pulmonary artery supply

Answer 17

superior lobe of right lung

Question 18

the ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of what structure

what did that structure connect

Answer 18

ductus arteriosus

connected pulmonary trunk and aorta in intra-uterine life

Question 19

the aorta starts to where in relation to the pulmonary trunk and its beginning is hidden by what

Answer 19

starts to the right of the pulmonary trunk

hidden by epicardial fat

Question 20

where is the right atrial appendage in relation to the aorta, SVC and pulmonary artery

Answer 20

infront of aorta
SVC is to its right
right pulmonary artery is behind it

Question 21

in the intact body the front of the pericardial sac is attached to the back of the sternum by what

Answer 21

by mediastinal fat

Question 22

are ventricles mobile in the pericardial sacs

Answer 22

yes freely mobile

Question 23

what is the pericardium reflected on inferiorly and is it adherent

Answer 23

the diaphragm

yes densely adherent to it

Question 24

to the right and left the pericardium lies back to back with what

Answer 24

parietal pleura

Question 25

each of the great vessels pass through what as it enters or leaves the pericardial sac

Answer 25

through adherent cuff of pericardium

Question 26

the left pulmonary veins and left pulmonary artery pass through the pericardium together - true or false

Answer 26

false they pass through separately

Question 27

the right pulmonary vessel are harder to see as they leave via what structure what other structure does the right pulmonary vessel share the first structure mentioned above with

Answer 27

leave via a continuous cuff of pericardium that the share with the IVC

Question 28

within the thorax does the IVC have any length and when does it enter the right atrium

Answer 28

no length at all in thorax enters the right atrium as soon as it passes through the diaphragm

Question 29

after the IVC comes up through the diaphragm it passes where in relation to the right atrium

Answer 29

almost immediately into the lower part of the right atrium

Question 30

the azygous vein arches over what structure before it joins which major vessel of the heart

Answer 30

over the right main bronchus join SVC

Question 31

the azygous vein receives blood from what parts of the chest wall

Answer 31

posterior and lateral

Question 32

what veins empty into the azygous vein from the right side

Answer 32

the posterior intercostal veins

Question 33

what veins empty into the azygous vein from the left side what part of the azygous vein does that vessel empty into

Answer 33

posterior intercostal veins into hemi-azygous which then empties into the azygos

Question 34

on each side of the subclavian vein it joins which what vessel and where

Answer 34

joins with internal jugular vein behind the medial end of clavicle

Question 35

what is formed by the subclavian vein joining the internal jugular vein

Answer 35

brachiocephalic vein

Question 36

what is the subclavian vein the principle vein of

Answer 36

the upper extremities

Question 37

what is the internal jugular vein the principle vein of

Answer 37

the head and neck

Question 38

the 2 brachiocephalic veins enter the thorax and joint to form what

Answer 38

the SVC

Question 39

the subclavian vein comes up from behind what muscle and passes where in relation to the clavicle

Answer 39

from beneath pectoralis minor passes beneath the clavicle

Question 40

what muscle is in front of the jugular vein

Answer 40

omohyoid muscle

Question 41

the subclavian vein passes over what part of the first rib

Answer 41

the flat anterior part

Question 42

what muscles separates the subclavian vein from the subclavian artery

Answer 42

anterior scalene muscles

Question 43

what is beneath the subclavian vein

Answer 43

the dome of the pleura

Question 44

the internal jugular vein lies where in relation to the common carotid artery

Answer 44

lies in front of the CCA and lateral to it

Question 45

on each side what 2 vessels join to form the brachiocephalic veins

Answer 45

subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 46

the 2 brachiocephalic veins pass down to what behind what structure to form what structure

Answer 46

pass down to the thorax behind the manubrium to join and form the SVC

Question 47

the SVC lies to the __ of the midline what is a result of this regarding the right brachiocephalic vein compared to the left brachiocephalic vein

Answer 47

lies to the right of the midline the right brachiocephalic vein is short and runs downwards while the left is longer and runs obliquely

Question 48

the SVC passes downwards and enters what structure

Answer 48

enters the pericardial sleeve

Question 49

to the SVC's left is what and behind it is what

Answer 49

to its left is the ascending aorta behind it is the trachea

Question 50

the SVC ends by doing what

Answer 50

entering the highest part of the hearts right atrium

Question 51

the azygous vein joins the vena cava from where just before the vena cava does what

Answer 51

from behind just before the vena cava enters the pericardium