6a. Pelvis HAL - Acland Videos

Question 1

what are the 3 short hip rotator muscles

Answer 1

piriformis and obturator internus/externus

Question 2

what 4 bony surfaces do the short hip rotator muscles arise from

Answer 2

inner surface of sacrum
inner and outer surface of area around obturator foramen
outer surface of ischium

Question 3

where do the short hip rotator muscles converge on

Answer 3

small area on back of femur just medial to greater trochanter

Question 4

where does the piriformis arise from

Answer 4

sacrum

Question 5

how does the piriformis leave the pelvis what does it travel with

Answer 5

through greater sciatic foramen with sciatic nerve

Question 6

where does the piriformis insert

Answer 6

high up on the medial aspect of the greater trochanter

Question 7

what other structure is the piriformis closely related to

Answer 7

sciatic nerve

Question 8

where do the 2 obturator muscles lie

Answer 8

either side of the obturator membrane

Question 9

where does the obturator externus arise from

Answer 9

adjoining edge of ischio-pubic ramus

Question 10

where does the obturator externus travel relative to the femur

Answer 10

backwards beneath the neck of femur

Question 11

the tendon of the obturator externus passes in what direction to reach insertion

Answer 11

Tendon passes laterally to reach insertion b

Question 12

where is the insertion of the obturator externus

Answer 12

below piriformis

Question 13

where does the obturator internus travel in the pelvis

Answer 13

goes around the back of the ischium from inside the pelvis

Question 14

where does the obturator internus arise from

Answer 14

wide area on the ilium and ischium and from the obturator membrane

Question 15

where does the obturator internus leave the pelvis by

Answer 15

lesser sciatic foramen

Question 16

how does the obturator internus pass around the back of the ischium

Answer 16

90 degree turn

Question 17

the obturator internus pass around the back of what part of the pelvis bones

Answer 17

back of ischium

Question 18

the obturator internus is joined above and below by what 2 muscles

Answer 18

gemellus superior and inferior

Question 19

where does the gluteus minimus arise from

Answer 19

wing of ilium

Question 20

where does the gluteus minimus insert

Answer 20

on the front of the greater trochanter

Question 21

what is the gluteus medius location relative to the gluteus minimus

Answer 21

overlies the gluteus minimus

Question 22

where does the gluteus medius arise from

Answer 22

ilium

Question 23

where does the gluteus medius insert

Answer 23

on the outer aspect of the greater trochanter

Question 24

what is the function of the gluteus medius

what else can it do

Answer 24

mainly abductor but anterior part

can also produce medial rotation at the hip

Question 25

what is the tensor fascia lata

Answer 25

continuous sheet of dense fibrous tissue that surrounds all the muscles of the thigh

Question 26

what is the ilio-tibial tract

Answer 26

thickening of the fascia lata along the outer aspect of the thigh

Question 27

where does the ilio-tibial tract extend from and to

Answer 27

The ilio-tibial tract extends all the way from the ilium, down to the tibia

Question 28

between the muscles and it attaches what to the femur

Answer 28

Between the muscles is a strong fibrous septum, which attaches the ilio-tibial tract to the femur

Question 29

what 2 muscles does the ilio-tibial tract act as the insertion of

Answer 29

The ilio-tibial tract acts as the tendon of insertion of two muscles, the gluteus maximus, and the tensor fascia lata

Question 30

where does the tensor fascia lata arise from

Answer 30

Tensor fascia lata arises from the iliac crest

Question 31

where does the tensor fascia lata insert in

Answer 31

inserts on the iliotibial tract

Question 32

where does the psoas major muscle arise from

Answer 32

transverse processes of all 5 lumbar vertebrae and side of the intervertebral discs and adjoining vertebral bodies

Question 33

what muscle passes downward together with the psoas major muscle

Answer 33

iliacus

Question 34

the iliacus and psoas major muscle travels down and travels over and under what 2 structures

Answer 34

over superior pubic ramus under inguinal ligament

Question 35

the iliacus and psoas major pass in what 2 directions and insert where

Answer 35

passes downward and backward to insert on the lesser trochanter

Question 36

the contraction of the iliacus and psoas major muscles have what function

Answer 36

flexion of the hip joint

Question 37

when the limb is free to move flexion does what to the thigh

Answer 37

bring thigh forward

Question 38

when the limb is fixed flexion does what to the thigh

Answer 38

flexion of both hips bring body upright

Question 39

what is the femoral triangle bounded by laterally

Answer 39

sartorius

Question 40

what is the femoral triangle bounded by medially

Answer 40

adductor longus

Question 41

what is the femoral triangle bounded by superiorly

Answer 41

inguinal ligament

Question 42

what 2 muscles are in the depths of the triangle pectineus

Answer 42

psoas major and iliacus

Question 43

what is the main artery to the lower extremity

Answer 43

external iliac artery

Question 44

what path does the external iliac artery travel along in relation to the psoas major and inguinal ligament

Answer 44

along pelvic brim just medial to psoas major and passes beneath the inguinal ligament

Question 45

what is the name of the artery when the external iliac artery goes below the inguinal ligament

Answer 45

femoral artery

Question 46

the femoral vein lies where relative to the femoral artery as it passes beneath the inguinal ligament

Answer 46

veins lie medial to fem artery

Question 47

the external iliac and internal iliac merge to from what vein

Answer 47

common iliac vein

Question 48

the 2 common iliac join to the right of what and what structure does it form

Answer 48

to the right of the aortic bifurcation forms the IVC

Question 49

the right common iliac artery passes anterior to what vessel

Answer 49

left common iliac vein

Question 50

the IVC runs in what direction in relation to the midline

Answer 50

to the right of the midline

Question 51

the IVC lies of which vertebral bodies

Answer 51

L4 to T12

Question 52

the IVC passes through what structure to enter what aspect of the heart

Answer 52

through the diaphragm to enter the right atrium

Question 53

below the bladder in the male pelvis is what organ

Answer 53

prostate

Question 54

when the bladder is full it does what and when its empty what does it do

Answer 54

``` full = rise into lower abdomen empty = flatten out ```

Question 55

the bladder has covering of peritoneum where

Answer 55

only on its upper surface

Question 56

what structure is behind the bladder

Answer 56

rectum

Question 57

the ureter enters the bladder where and passes through the bladder wall in what direction

Answer 57

enters the bladder out to the side passes through the bladder wall obliquely

Question 58

the ductus deferens comes around and widens to form what

Answer 58

ampulla

Question 59

what structure is lateral to the ampulla of the ductus deferens

Answer 59

seminal vesicle

Question 60

on each side the ductus and the seminal vesicle joins to form what

Answer 60

ejaculatory duct

Question 61

what is the ejaculatory ducts path to enter the urethra

Answer 61

through the prostate to enter the urethra

Question 62

the wall of the bladder consists of what and is lined with what

Answer 62

consists of smooth muscle and lined with mucosa

Question 63

the ureter opens into the bladder obliquely at what structure

Answer 63

ureteric ostium

Question 64

urine leaves the bladder through what structure to enter the urethra

Answer 64

through internal urethral meatus

Question 65

the projection just above the urethral meatus is what

Answer 65

uvula

Question 66

the mucosal lining of the bladder is in what formation and what happens to it when the bladder fills

Answer 66

irregular folds which flatten out as the bladder fills

Question 67

what is the mucosal layer like in the trigone

Answer 67

relatively flat

Question 68

where is the trigone

Answer 68

triangular area between the ureteric and urethral openings

Question 69

in the male the first part of the urethra passes in what direction through what organ

Answer 69

downwards through prostate

Question 70

the prostate consists of what tissue and is interlaced with what tissue

Answer 70

smooth muscle interlaced with glandular tissue

Question 71

what does the prostate secrete

Answer 71

portion of the seminal fluid

Question 72

where does the urethra emerge in the male pelvis

Answer 72

apex of prostate

Question 73

what is the proximal path of the urethra and what direction does it travel through the sling of muscle that forms the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 73

membranous urethra passes downwards

Question 74

the levator prostatae is the most __ and ___ part of the pubococcygeus

Answer 74

anterior and medial

Question 75

what is the pubococcygeus a part of

Answer 75

levator ani muscle complex

Question 76

in the female pelvis what is behind the bladder and what is above the bladder

Answer 76

``` behind = vagina above = uterus ```

Question 77

what is directly behind the vagina in the female pelvis

Answer 77

rectum

Question 78

what is the length of the female urethra and what is it surrounded by

Answer 78

short surrounded by external urethral sphincter muscle

Question 79

the urethra of the female runs in what direction relative to the vagina

Answer 79

runs parallel to the vagina

Question 80

the vagina and urethra pass through what structure

Answer 80

pelvic diaphragm

Question 81

the external urethral meatus opens into what structure

Answer 81

opens into vestibule of the vagina

Question 82

viewing downwards and backwards into the female pelvic cavity what is behind the uterus

Answer 82

sigmoid colon

Question 83

viewing downwards and backwards into the female pelvic cavity what is in front of the uterus

Answer 83

bladder

Question 84

what is the highest part of the uterus

Answer 84

fundus

Question 85

what parts of the uterus are covered by peritoneum

Answer 85

body and fundus

Question 86

what tethers the uterus to the pelvis wall

Answer 86

on each side the broad ligament tethers the uterus to the side wall of the pelvis

Question 87

what is the pouch of douglas

Answer 87

lowest point in the peritoneal cavity recess

Question 88

what is the vesico-uterine pouch

Answer 88

recess in front of the uterus

Question 89

what is another name for the pouch of douglas

Answer 89

recto-uterine pouch

Question 90

the distinct ligaments that are attached to the uterus pass in what direction to tether the uterus to the pelvis walls

Answer 90

forward, laterally and backward

Question 91

the lowest part of the uterus is what

Answer 91

cervix

Question 92

the cervix projects where in relation to the vagina

Answer 92

down into vagina and projects into the vagina

Question 93

what is the recess around the cervix between the cervix and the vaginal wall

Answer 93

the vaginal fornix

Question 94

what is the center of the cervix

Answer 94

ostium/external os of the uterus