5a. Abdomen HAL - Acland Videos

Question 1

most of the stomach lies above what structure

Answer 1

costal margin level

Question 2

the food enters and exits the stomach via what structures

Answer 2

enters via esophagogastric junction

exits via pylorus sphincter

Question 3

the narrow part of the stomach leading to the pylorus is named what

Answer 3

pylorus antrum

Question 4

the broad curve on the inferior side facing left is the ____ ____ and the tighter curve on the superior side facing the right is the ___ ___

Answer 4

greater curve

lesser curve

Question 5

what is part of stomach that is the upwards and backwards bulge

Answer 5

fundus

Question 6

where does the fundus sit under

Answer 6

diaphragm

Question 7

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 7

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 8

the duodenum starts where and passes in what directions to its junction with the jejunum

where does it end

Answer 8

starts at the pylorus by passing upwards and to the right, then turns to run in almost a full circle, ending at the duodeno-jejunal flexure.

Question 9

how many parts does the duodenum have

Answer 9

4

Question 10

the inner aspect of the curve of the duodenum is occupied by what

Answer 10

head of pancreas

Question 11

what 2 ducts enter the duodenum

Answer 11

pancreatic duct and common bile duct

Question 12

what structure lies furthers to the back that any other part of the GI tract

why

Answer 12

duodenum

due to rotation of midgut as embryo

Question 13

what does the large intestine do

Answer 13

water and electrolytes are absorbed from intestinal contents

Question 14

what happens to the contents of the large intestine

Answer 14

change content from liquid to semi solid

Question 15

where is the cecum in relation to the large intestine and where does it hang

Answer 15

The cecum is a blind side passage at the beginning of the large intestine. It hangs downward in the right iliac fossa

Question 16

the ileum projects into the lumen of what structure and where does it open

Answer 16

lumen of cecum

opens at the ileo-cecal valve

Question 17

the appendix opens into what

Answer 17

into the cecum

Question 18

what is the cecum located beneath

Answer 18

ileo-cecal valve

Question 19

the ascending colon is held in place by what

Answer 19

peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall

Question 20

the ascending colon ends where

Answer 20

at the sharp 90 degree turn at the hepatic flexure

Question 21

the hepatic flexure lies under what 3 structures

Answer 21

lowest part of liver
gall bladder
infront of lower part of right kidney

Question 22

the transverse colon ends where

Answer 22

at the sharp downward turn - splenic flexure

Question 23

the splenic flexure lies below what, infront of what and above what

Answer 23

below the spleen and in front of the let kidney and above the descending colon

Question 24

the descending colon is continuous with the sigmoid colon where

Answer 24

under the iliac crest

Question 25

the sigmoid colon is attached by what structure

Answer 25

double sheet of peritoneum - the sigmoid mesocolon

Question 26

how does the sigmoid colon travel as it passes down

Answer 26

approaches midline and becomes shorter

Question 27

at what vertebral level does the sigmoid colon end

Answer 27

at level of S3 where it merges with the rectum

Question 28

the greater part of the liver lies to the____ of the midline

Answer 28

right

Question 29

does the liver come below the costal margin

Answer 29

not usually

Question 30

the gall bladder hangs down below what feature of the liver

Answer 30

below the anterior border of the liver

Question 31

the pancreas has what 4 parts

Answer 31

uncinate, neck, body, tail

Question 32

what way does the neck body and tail of the pancreas travel and where does it end

Answer 32

extends to the left and slightly upward ending close to the spleen

Question 33

the lower part of the pancreas head moves what way and what structure does it form

Answer 33

curls around to the left forming uncinate process

Question 34

what vertebrae is behind the pancreas

Answer 34

L1

Question 35

what 4 structures are behind the pancreas

Answer 35

IVC, aorta, superior mesenteric artery and left kidney

Question 36

the portal vein passes where in relation to the pancreas on its way to what structure

Answer 36

passes beneath neck of pancreas on its way to liver

Question 37

the exocrine secretions of the pancreas empty into what structure via what structures

Answer 37

empty into the duodenum via pancreatic ducts

Question 38

the spleen does what function

Answer 38

filters blood cells and is part of immune system

Question 39

where is the spleen in terms of the ribs

Answer 39

above left costal margin 9-11th ribs overlie it

Question 40

where does the spleen lie between which 2 structures

Answer 40

between stomach and rib cage

Question 41

what is the pancreas and spleens relation to each other

Answer 41

posterior wall of lesser sac the tail of the pancreas comes to the hilum of the spleen

Question 42

where are the kidneys located

Answer 42

high in the posterior wall behind the peritoneum

Question 43

what is the kidneys location in relation to the ribs

Answer 43

lie infront of the 11 and 12 ribs

Question 44

which kidney is located more suepriorly

Answer 44

left

Question 45

where are the renal veins located in relation to the renal arteries

Answer 45

veins infront of the arteries

Question 46

the left renal vein crosses what vessel below what other vessel

Answer 46

crosses in front of aorta just below the origin of the SMA

Question 47

the right vein travels which way to reach the right kidney

Answer 47

steeply backwards to reach right kidney

Question 48

the renal arteries arise where in relation to another vessel

Answer 48

arise just below the SMA

Question 49

the branches of the renal artery and vein enter the kidney where

Answer 49

at the hilum

Question 50

the renal pelvis emerges where from the hilum in relation to the hilum and blood vessels what does it become

Answer 50

behind the hilum behind the blood vessels and narrows to become continuous with the ureter

Question 51

the ureters emerge from where and how do they travel towards the pelvic brim

Answer 51

downwards straight to the brim

Question 52

what muscle is behind the ureters

Answer 52

psoas major muscle

Question 53

what vessels cross infront of the ureters in the male and female

Answer 53

``` male = testicular vessels female = ovarian vessels ```

Question 54

as the ureter runs over the pelvic brim and into the pelvis it passes infront of what vessel and what does the vessel do here

Answer 54

passes the common iliac artery as it divides to become the internal and external iliac

Question 55

in both sexes the ureter passes which way along the pelvic wall to the bladder

Answer 55

downwards and forwards

Question 56

the ureters passes in what direction in relation to the internal iliac vessels

Answer 56

passes medially