Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PMCOL 343 > 4 - autonomic > Flashcards

4 - autonomic Flashcards

1
Q

what do α1 receptors do to blood vessels (3 things)

A

vasoconstriction, increase arteriolar resistance, increase BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do β receptors do to blood vessels (4 things)

A

smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation, decreased peripheral resistance, decrease BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what kind of receptors are on skin and spleen vessels

why is this advantageous

A

α1

when NA activation (sympathetic), you dont need blood to those unimportant internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what kind of receptors are on muscle blood vessels

why is this advantageous

A

β2(most) and α1 because you want to be able to constrict when not needed (β) and dilate when you need lots of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do α2 receptors do to NA release and why

A

they decrease NA release because they are autoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do β receptors do to NA release

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens with low NA at a nerve terminal with β and α2 receptors

A

you will get more adrenaline because α receptors are less sensitive than β, so the β effect is predominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happens with high NA at a nerve terminal with β and α2 receptors

A

less NA because α are less sensitive but they can turn it off at high amounts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what kind of adrenoreceptors are found the most in the heart

A

β1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do β1 receptors do in the heart (4)

A

increase Ca++ influx, increase force and rate of contraction, increase conduction of the AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why can β agonists be dangerous for heart

A

because of severe cardiac dysthythmais

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what kind of receptors does phenylephrine target

A

pure α

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do pure α agonists do to body (cardio)

A

increase peripheral resistance and decrease venous capacitance (willingness to change size)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens do BP and HR with α agonists

A

BP increases - so HR decreases due to baroreceptor reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what kind of receptors does isoproterenol target

A

pure β

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do pure β agonists do to body (cardio)

A

increases cardiac output (β1) and decreases peripheral resistance(β2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens do BP and HR with β agonists

A

fall in BP (β2 in skeletal muscle)

increase in HR (β1 in heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what receptors does adrenaline stimulate

A

α and β

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does adrenaline do to the body

A 
HR increase (β1), vasoconstriction (α)
then later BP falls because β2 become selectivly stimulated (β is more sensitive to NA, so its vasodilatory effects with prevail)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what would happen clinically (symptoms) with an increase in blood pressure

A

severe headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what would happen clinically (symptoms) with an decrease in blood pressure

A

syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what do α agonists do to eye

A

mydriasis as the radial pupil dilator muscle of iris is stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what do β agonists do to the lungs

A

β2 stimulation relaxes bronchiole smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where are α agonists do in the respiratory tract

A

nasal blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how do α2 agonists affect the gastrointestinal tract
indirectly relaxation by inhibiting the release of ACh
26
what β2 agonists do to the gastrointestinal tract
relaxation
27
what do α receptors do to genitourinary tract
constrict bladder base and internal sphincter - cant pee
28
what does α2 do to endocrine function
inhibition of insulin
29
what does β2 do to endocrine function
release renin
30
what does β activation to do metabolism (2)
β3 lipolysis in fat cells | β in liver promote glycogenolysis
31
what drugs pass the blood brain barrier the easier
ones that are neutral
32
what can happen with drugs that easily pass the BBB
nervousness, anxiety
33
what are side effects of amphetamines
mild alertedness, improved attention, elevate mood, insomnia, euphoria, anorexia (involves dopaminergic mechanisms)
34
what is a therapeutic use of adrenaline (not anaphylaxis)
mixed with local anesthetics, it can help prevent loss of anesthetic into systemic circulation (it is vasoconstrictive) so it lasts longer
35
how does adrenaline help with anaphylaxis
causes the opposite effect of the allergic reaction from histamine (bronchospasm, mucous release, membrane congestion, angioedema, BP drop)
36
what receptors does isoproterenol activate and what does it cause
β1 cardiac stimulant | β2 vasodilator
37
what can isoproterenol be used for clinically
cardiac arrest or heart block (AV)
38
what is the cheese effect of tyramine
if people are on MAO inhibitors, tyramine won't be broken down by MAO in the liver, pharmacologically induces catecholamine release, which causes hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmia
39
what does cocaine do to NA and DA
inhibits its reuptake
40
what are the mental side effects of cocaine
alert, mood elevation, insomnia, euphoria
41
what causes the euphoria from cocaine
central catecholamines, like DA
42
what can be a therapeutic use of cocaine
in surgery as a local anesthetic (also good cause its a vasoconstrictor so then the drug wont leave and cause euphoria)
43
what is methylphenidate
ritain, an amphetamine
44
what do amphetamines do to CNS
alert, elevate mood, insomnia, euphoria, anorexia
45
what are 3 therapeutic uses for amphetamines
methylphenidate is ritalin (ADHD), narcolepsy, diet pills
46
what do amphetamines do to DA and NA
it inhibits release and storage | also runs the transporter in reverse, increases monoamine release
47
what is dobutamine
β1 cardiac stimulant
48
what is the theraputic role of dobutamine
emergency for acute heart failure or cardiogenic shock
49
what is salbutamol and what does it do
β2 selective bronchodilator | used for asthma
50
what is phenylephrine
α agonist, (α1), vasoconstrictor, long lasting, not metabolized by COMT
51
what is a therapeutic use for phenylephrine
nasal decongestion, constriction of blood vessels to mucous glands
52
how can optometrosts cause mydriasis
α agonist (dilate the eye)
53
what do α antagonists to do BP and peripheral resistance
lower peripheral resistance and blood pressure (blocking sympathetic tone)
54
what can be a reflex of α antagonists
postural (orthostatic) hypotension, reflex tachycardia (Fast)
55
how can optometrists do miosis
block α | block sympathetic constriction of iris radial muscle
56
what can α blockers do to the nose
cause stuffiness (dilate blood vessels supplying mucous glands)
57
what is phentolamine
α1 and α2 blocker
58
what does phentolamine do to BP
lowers because of α1 blockage
59
what does phentolamine do to HR and how
increases it due to - baroreceptor reflex - increase NA release onto unblocked β receptors AND blockade of α2 receptors
60
what does phentolamine do to α2 receptors
blocks them so that there is no negative feedback loop to regulate NA release - causes tachycardia
61
when can you use phentolamine therapeutically
with adrenal medullary tumors that release large quantities of catacholamines
62
what receptors does prazosin target
α1 - highly selective
63
what does prazosin do to body
relaxes arteriolar and venous smooth muslce
64
why does prazosin make less reflex tachycardia than phentolamine
prazosin does not inhibit α2 (which are involved in negative feedback regulation of NA)
65
what condition can prazosin help with
prostate issues/ urinary obstruction
66
what receptors does propranalol target
antagonist for β 1 and 2
67
what are 6 therapeutic uses of propranolol
``` hypertension prophylaxis of angina pectoris heart failure cardiac dysrhythmias hyperthyroidism anxiety ```
68
how does propranolol help with hyperthyroidism
excess thyroxine stimulates the sympathetic system, so this helps reduce the sympathetic response
69
how does propranolol help with anxietry
tremors, so like classical musicians
70
what effects do β blockers have when at rest
not a ton because the heart is under parasympathetic tone-needs sympathetic stimulie
71
what do β blockers do to the body during exercise (3)
may decrease HR, AV conduction and contractile response
72
what does acute use of β blockers do to body (quick injection)
acutely may increase BP following block of peripheral BP receptors
73
what what does chronic use of β blockers do to body
1-alteration of central sympathetic outflow (reduce) 2-decreased renin release! 3-blockage of presynaptic B receptors
74
what does blockage of presynaptic B receptors do
decreases NA release (B autoreceptors increase NA release-positive feedback)
75
what do presynpatic α2 receptors do
inhibit NA release
76
what do presynaptic β receptors do
increase NA release (positive feedback)
77
why can you get rebound hypertension when you stop taking β blockers
decreased NA outflow causes upregulation in postsynaptic α adrenoceptors -so when β blocker is removed, NA release is normal and there are so many more α receptors to receive the NA - HYPERTENSION
78
what does blockage of β2 receptors do
increase airway resistance (constrict bronchioles)
79
what are some weird β blocker ways of stimulating receptors (2)
``` partial agonist (only partly stimulate receptor) inverse agonist (opposite of blocking β receptors) ```
80
what receptors does Metoprolol get
β1 selective
81
what kind of diseased people benefit from metoprolol instead of propranolol
asthmatics, diabetes and patients with peripheral vascular disease (β2 still works in vessels)

PMCOL 343 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions