chapter 5 ADRS Flashcards
1
Q
type A ADRs
A
- result of unwanted but normal pharmacological drug action
- usually dose dependent
- mortality very low
- i.e. bleeding while on anticoagulants
- may require dosing changes or discontinuation
- primary: extension of therapeutic effect
- secondary:nontherapeutic effect
2
Q
type B ADRs
A
- allergic or idiosyncratic effects expected from pharmacological action of drugs
- not dose dependent, unpredictable and unavoidable
i. e. anaphylaxis, photosensitivity - requires discontinuing drug
- different types I-V; I-most common-hypersensitivity
3
Q
type C ADRs
A
- cumulative effects of drugs with chronic use and dose and time related
i. e. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression with chronic use of corticosteroids
4
Q
type D ADRs
A
- delayed and not apparent until after some time
i. e. congenital malformation (teratogenisis) and carinogenisis
5
Q
type E ADRs
A
- physiological withdrawal
- i.e. amphetamines, opiates, benzodiazepine, beta blockers
- drugs must be tapered
6
Q
type F ADRs
A
- unexpected failure of therapy
- usually due to drug to drug reaction
7
Q
Pharmacodynamics
A
- what drug does to the body
- can be agonists (activates receptors-albuterol) or antagonists (inhibits action-beta blockers)
8
Q
Dose-response relationship
A
-minimum concentration needed for effect
9
Q
Therapeutic index
A
- ratio of dose required for toxicity and efficacy
- some meds have specific range–narrow therapeutic index
- types of levels: peak, trough, random
10
Q
Factors modifying drug effects
A
Body size Age Sex Route of administration Psychological factors-non-compliance
11
Q
categories of ADRs
A
type A: related to pharmacological effects of drug
type B: allergic/idiosyncratic reactions
type C: cumulative dose of medication
type D: delayed reactions, after some time
type E: withdrawal of drug
type F: unexpected failure of therapy
