Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology I > Session 6 - Organ Failure > Flashcards

Session 6 - Organ Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the characteristics of blood flow in capillaries?

A

Cross sectional area is huge

Flow is slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphatics?

A

Blind ended capillaries in the interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the components of the lymph system dump into?

A

Venous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the characteristics of flow through the lymphatic vessels?

A

Low pressure, w/ valves

Need muscles contractions to aid in flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the interstitium?

A

Space between cells and microcirculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three important tissue components the interstitium responsible for?

A

Structural + Absorptive + Adhesive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the structural components of the interstitium?

A

Collagen + Elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the absorptive cells found in the interstitium?

A

Glycosaminoglycans + Proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the adhesive cells found within the interstitium?

A

Fibronectin + Laminin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What % of body weight is fluid?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What % of body weight, from fluid, is found in the ICF?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two components of ECF?

A

Plasma + Interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What % of body weight, from fluid, is located in the plasma?

A

4 to 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What % of the body weight, due to fluid, is found in the interstitium?

A

16%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What two hormones does renin stimulate?

A

Aldosterone + AngII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does AngII do?

A

Thirst + ADH release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Water retention + Potassium loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What cells release renin?

A

Juxtaglomerular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What two things does water retention cause?

A

Increase circulating volume + preload

Increased venous filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the results of increased circulating volume + preload due to water retention?

A

CO increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the results of increased venous filling pressure due to water retention?

A

Fluid accumulates in cavities + interstitium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is triggered (aka what receptors and down stream effects) occur with blood volume expansion?

A

Arial myocyte stretch
ANP released from heart + brain
Water excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of receptors stimulate ANP release in the brain?

A

Baroreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What occurs with hyperosmolarity + dehydratio, in regards to rectors and downstream effects?

A

Osmoreceptors + Barroreceptors stimulate ADH release + Oxytocin
Water retention + Vasocontriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is another name for ADH?

A

Vasopressin

26
Q

What does NO cause?

A

Vasodilation

27
Q

What does EPI do? Via what receptor?

A

Vasodilation, via Beta-2

28
Q

What does NE do? Via what receptor?

A

Increases MAP via vasocontriction

via alpha receptors

29
Q

What is shock?

A

Systemic hypoperfusion due to macro or microcirculatory failure

30
Q

What is the outcome of shock?

A

Hypotension followed by impaired tissue perfusion + cellular hypoxia

31
Q

What is function of capillaries?

A

Nutrient + Waster transition

32
Q

What are the two types of macro circulatory shocks?

A

Cardiogenic + Hypovolemic

33
Q

What can cause hypovolemic shock?

A

Severe dehydration + Massive blood loss

34
Q

What are things that can cause cardiogenic shock?

A 
Excessive myocardial tissue loss 
Arrhythmia
CO obstruction 
Altered balance btwn colloid forces 
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
35
Q

What are kinds of microcirculatory shock?

A

Anaphylaxis + Neurogenic + Anesthetic + Septic

36
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is anaphylactic shock?

A

Type 1

37
Q

What is the mechanism of anaphylactic shock?

A

Mast cells degranulate + Histamine leads to systemic vasodilation + increased vascular permeability + BP drops + Hypoperfusion

38
Q

What is anaphylactic shock mediated by?

A

IgE

39
Q

What is lost in neurogenic shock?

A

SNS

40
Q

What is dominating in neurogenic shock?

A

PNS

41
Q

What causes neurogenic shock?

A

Trauma to spinal cord + Fear + Electricity

42
Q

What happens in neurogenic shock?

A

Trigger generalized ANS discharge disruption
SNS lost/PNS dominates
Mass peripherial vasodilation + Bradycardia
Hypoperfusion

43
Q

What causes septic shock?

A

Toxin - normally LPS from a gram-negative bacteria

44
Q

How does LPS lead to septic shock?

A

Forms complex w/ blood proteins that

1) bind to leukocytes + endothelial cells
2) Circulate and trigger vasoactive mediators

45
Q

What does low qualities of LPS cause?

A

Local inflammation

46
Q

What does moderate quantities of LPS lead to?

A

Systemic effects - fever and acute phase protein reactions

47
Q

What does high quantities of LPS cause?

A

Septic shock - Low CO + Low peripheral resistance + DIC + ARD

48
Q

What is stimulated to be released in high quantities of LPS? What do they promote

A 
TNF 
IL-1 + IL-6/8 
NO 
PAF 
Systemic vasodilation + increased capillary permeability
49
Q

What is DIC?

A

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy

50
Q

What is DIC?

A

Small blood clot forming inside blood vessels throughout body
Consumes all proteins and platelets
Disruption of normal coag pathway
Clots lead to infarctions

51
Q

What does ARDS stand for?

A

Multifactorial source of injury to respiratory capillary endothelium and epithelium

52
Q

What do you see histologically with ARDS?

A

Damaged vessels within lung tissue
Fibrin + Fluid leakage into aveoli
Formation of hyaline membranes

53
Q

What is within a hyaline membrane?

A

Protein + Fibrin + Surfactant + Cell debris

54
Q

How is resolution in the lung carried out for ARDS?

A

Scarring

55
Q

What are the three stages to shock?

A

Compensation + Progression + Irreversible

56
Q

What occurs during the compensation portion of shock?

A

HR + BP increases
Vasoconstriction in the periphery
ADH + AngII released
Blood to vital tissues

57
Q

What occurs during the progressive phase of shock?

A

Anaerobic metabolism + Acidosis

Peripheral vasodilation - cannot maintain constriction

58
Q

What occurs during the irreversible stage of shock?

A 
Cell + Tissue necrosis 
Coagulation activation 
Myocardial pump failure 
Multi-organ failure 
Death
59
Q

What is considered “cause of death”?

A

Injury or Disease that began sequence of events leading to death
For example, heat stroke, gunshot wound, AIDS

60
Q

What is considered “Mechanism of death”?

A

Biochemical or Physiological abnormality resulting in death

For example, shock, cerebral edema, V. Fib, etc

Pathology I (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions