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Pathology I > Session 23 - Urinary III > Flashcards

Session 23 - Urinary III Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause hemoglobinuric nephrosis?

A

Increased circulating hemoglobin in a hemolytic crissi

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2
Q

What can cause hemoglobiuric nephrosis in sheep?

A

Chronic copper toxicity

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3
Q

What can cause hemoglobiuric nephrosis in cattle?

A

Leptosporosis + Babesiosis

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4
Q

What can cause hemogloburic nephrosis in dogs?

A

Babesiosis + AIHA

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5
Q

What can cause hemogloburic nephoris in horses?

A

Red maple leaf toxicity

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6
Q

By what pathologic mechanism does hemogloburic nephoris occur?

A

Renal ischemia + Increased serum hemoglobin
Passage of hemoglobin through glomeruli
Intratubular casts of hemoglobin pigment
Compounds tubular epithelial damage

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7
Q

What is the gross appearance of hemogloburic nephrosis?

A

Gun-metal blue to chocolate color of kidney

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8
Q

What causes myglobinuric nephrosis?

A

Acute, extensive muscle necrosis

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9
Q

What can cause myoglobinuric nephrosis in wildlife?

A

Capture myopathy

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10
Q

What is seen in horses with myoglobinuric nephrosis?

A

Azoturia

Acute rhabdomyolysis

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11
Q

What is another name for acute rhabdomyolysis in horses?

A

Monday morning disease

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12
Q

What is the pathogensis of myoglobinuric nephrosis?

A

Similar to hemogloburic nephrosis

Myoglobin seen earlier and more readily in urine

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13
Q

Why is myoglobin seen quicker then hemoglobin?

A

Smaller, no carrier protein needed

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14
Q

What does lilies cause in cats?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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15
Q

What is renal papillary necrosis commonly associated with?

A

Hypoperfusion of the inner medulla

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16
Q

What commonly causes renal papillary necrosis in equine?

A

Phenylbutazone or Flunixin meglumine

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17
Q

What commonly causes renal papillary necrosis in dogs and cats

A

Ibuprofen + Aspirin + Acetominophen

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18
Q

By what mechanism does Acetominophen cause renal papillary necrosis?

A

Directly damages tubular epithelium

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19
Q

What can make NSAID toxicity worse?

A

Dehydration

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20
Q

How do NSAIDs cause renal papillary necrosis?

A

Reduction of prostaglandins which protect the kidney from ischemia

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21
Q

What cell type is responsible for prostaglandin release in teh kidney?

A

Interstitial cells

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22
Q

When are uroliths most common in cattle?

A

Males

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23
Q

Where are stones found most commonly in cattle?

A

Sigmoid flexure of males

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24
Q

What can exacerbate the effects of uroliths?

A

Dehydration

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25
Q

What kind of urolith is most common in cattle?

A

Silica or struvite

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26
Q

What are the two most common uroliths in canines?

A

Struvites + Calcium oxalate

27
Q

What is the most common type of urolith in otters?

A

Calcium oxalate

28
Q

What bacteria is specific to bovine urinary tracts?

A

Corynebacterium renale
– and –
Arcanobacterium pyogenes

29
Q

What bacteria is specific to the swine urinary tract?

A

Eubacterium suis

30
Q

What do the bacteria listed in this lecture tend to cause in the kidney?

A

Plelonephritis

31
Q

Term: Pyleonephritis

A

Thick, red, rough, granular or exudative mucosa
Dilation of renal pelvis
Ulceration of papilla

32
Q

Why is the focus of inflammation in the renal pelvis?

A

Ascending

33
Q

What causes leptospirosis?

A

Leptospira interrogans

34
Q

What species are most affected by lepto?

A

Cattle + Dogs

35
Q

What is seen histologically with lepto infecton?

A

Mononuclear inflammation in interstitium

Chronic interstitial nephritis

36
Q

What age is most affected by the canine herpes virus?

A

4 to 6 week old puppies

37
Q

Where do these puppies tend to get canine herpes virus?

A

intruterine or neonatal infection

38
Q

What is seen throughout the kidney with canine herpes infections?

A

Hemorrhaging

39
Q

What is seen histologically with canine herpes virus?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

Intranuclear eosinophilic viral inclusions

40
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is seen with FIP?

A

Type 4 - cell mediated

41
Q

What lesions are seen with FIP?

A

Pyogranulomatous nephritis secondary to fibrinoid vasculitis
Subcapsular + cortical foci of inflammation centered around blood vessels w/ pools of fibrin

42
Q

What gross lesions are seen with FIP?

A

Vascular associated + granular texture

43
Q

What is a differential that looks similar to FIP?

A

Lymphoma

44
Q

What is a primary tumor of the kidney?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

45
Q

What does renal cell carcinoma look like grossly?

A

Rounded, firm
Often hemorrhaging present
Cystic degeneration

46
Q

What is a paraneoplastic condition of renal cell carcinoma?

A

Erthropoietin oversecretion resulting in polycythemia

47
Q

What can be associated with renal cell carcinoma in german shepherds? What is seen grossly?

A

Nodular dermatofibrosis

Lesions will be seen in skin

48
Q

What animal commonly gets renal cell carcinoma?

A

Budgerigars

49
Q

What is the most common type of neoplasia in dogs?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

50
Q

What does TCC look like grossly?

A

Cream colored, raised and contains polypoid mass

Thickened mucosa

51
Q

Where is TCC most commonly found in the bladder?

A

Around the trigone

52
Q

What is the most common type of mesenchymal tumor in the urinary tract?

A

Leiomyoma

53
Q

What is the cell origin of a leiomyoma?

A

Smooth muscle

54
Q

What is the histological pattern of a leiomyoma?

A

Steaming bundles of smooth muscle cells

55
Q

What is the gross appearance of a leiomyoma?

A

Smooth, nodular or bulging
Pale tan
Firm with streaming pattern

56
Q

Where do leiomyomas form?

A

Ureter + Urethra + urinary bladder

57
Q

What is the most common renal tumor in dogs?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

58
Q

Which occurs more in dogs and cats primary renal tumors or secondary renal tumors? By how much?

A

Secondary
Cats - 7x’s
Dogs - 2x’s

59
Q

What are the most common renal metastases in dogs?

A

Hemangiosarcoma
Adenocarcinoma
Lymphoma

60
Q

What are the most common renal metastases in cats?

A

Lymphoma

61
Q

What is a common renal tumor in pigs and chickens?

A

Nephroblastoma

62
Q

What is the origin of nephroblastoma?

A

Pluripotent

Have mesenchymal + Tubular + Glomerular

63
Q

What is the most common tumor in cattle?

A

Bovine leukemia virus - associated renal lymphoma

Pathology I (19 decks)

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