4.3.1 Classification and Evolution Evidence Used in Classification and Phylogeny Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is the definition for convergent evolution?
Where two unrelated species have similar features as a result of evolving adaptations separately to the same type of environment.
How does convergent evolution make classification by observable features more difficult?
If the features look the same the different species may appear more closely related than they are; they may be placed in the same taxonomic group by mistake.
The 5 kingdoms were later classified into 3 domains by Carl Woese, what new understanding was this based on?
Domains are based on new understanding about rRNA
Are all prokaryotes found in different kingdoms and different domains?
No prokaryotes are found in different domains (bacteria and archaea) but the same kingdom.
Which domain are all eukaryotes found in?
Eukarya (but split into different kingdoms).
All eukaryotes are group together in one domain as they have multiple similarities, what similarities do these include?
These include the presence of nuclei, membrane bound organelles and chromosomes.
7 Name a difference between bacteria and archaea.
Any one from the following:
Differences in structure if cells walls
Cell membranes
Flagella
Method of DNA replication/transcription
What evidence have scientists used more recently to help determine how closely related one species is to another?
Biological molecules
What biological molecule (protein) used in the process of respiration is used as evidence for classification?
Cytochrome c
In the protein for respiration what can be compared to see similarities or differences?
The sequence of amino acids.
What will be significance of the proteins of two individuals that are closely related species?
The sequence of amino acids for the cytochrome c protein will be the same.
Why can’t molecules such as starch or the enzyme amylase be used for classification?
These molecules are not found in all living things. Therefore they cannot be used to compare all organisms.
What is a common ancestor?
A common ancestor is an ancestor that is shared by two or more different groups of organisms. More than one modern day species arose from that common ancestor.
What is the difference between phylogeny and classification?
Classification is putting things into groups; phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary relationships between those groups.
