2.1.2 Biological Molecules – Biological Molecules Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the five biological molecules?
Water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)
Which chemical elements are found in water?
Hydrogen and oxygen
Which chemical elements are found in carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Which chemical elements are found in lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Which chemical elements are found in proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur
Which chemical elements are found in nucleic acids?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
What is a monomer?
A small, single unit molecule, which can be joined with other monomers to form a polymer.
What is a polymer?
A large molecule made of many of the same monomer bonded together.
Why are lipids not polymers?
Lipids are made of different types of monomers joined together.
What is the name for a carbohydrate monomer?
Monosaccharide
What is the name for a carbohydrate polymer?
Polysaccharide
What is the name for a protein monomer?
Amino acid
What is the name for a protein polymer?
Polypeptide (or protein)
What is the name for a nucleic acid monomer?
Nucleotide
What is the name for a nucleic acid polymer?
Polynucleotide (or nucleic acid)
What is an organic molecule?
A molecule that contains carbon.
What type of reaction joins two monomers together?
A condensation reaction
What type of reaction breaks a polymer into monomers?
A hydrolysis reaction
What are the key features of a condensation reaction?
It joins two molecules, forming a covalent bond and releases two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, in the form of one molecule of water.
What are the key features of a hydrolysis reaction?
It splits one molecule into two, breaking a covalent bond and requires two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen, in the form of one molecule of water.
