2.1.3 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids – The Structure of Nucleotides Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is a monomer of a nucleic acid known as?
A nucleotide
A nucleotide is made up of 3 components, what are they?
A phosphate group, pentose sugar and an organic nitrogenous base.
What is a nucleotide with the phosphate group called?
A nucleoside
Name two nucleic acids.
DNA and RNA
There are two main differences between the nucleotides of DNA and RNA, what are they?
They contain different sugars. DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA has ribose as its sugar. They also have different bases.
What is the name of the 4 different bases that can be found in a monomer of DNA?
Adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
Which base found in DNA is not found in RNA and what is the name of the base that replaces it?
Thymine is not found in RNA and is instead replaced with uracil.
What type of reaction joins a sugar to its base to form a nucleoside?
Condensation reaction
What is released when a condensation reaction occurs and a bond is formed?
A single molecule of water.
What type of bond is formed when a phosphate group bonds with a nucleoside?
A phosphoester bond
What are the two different types of bases?
Purines and pyrimidines
What bases are purines?
Adenine and guanine
What bases are pyrimidines?
Cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
When multiple nucleotides join together by the process of condensation reactions what is formed?
A polynucleotide.
In a polynucleotide what bond has formed between the sugar and the phosphate group throughout the length of the chain?
A phosphodiester bond.
What is the name given to the alternating sugars and phosphates down the side of a polynucleotide?
A sugar-phosphate backbone.
Which base is found within ATP and ADP?
Adenine
What is the major difference in structure between ATP and ADP?
ATP (adenine triose phosphate) has an additional phosphate group (3 instead of 2) in comparison to ADP.
