2.1.1 Cell Structure – Organelles used in protein synthesis

Question 1

What are the two stages of protein synthesis?

Answer 1

Transcription and translation

Question 2

What takes place at transcription?

Answer 2

A molecule of mRNA using the DNA code of a gene acts as template.

Question 3

What takes place at translation?

Answer 3

A mRNA is used to determine the amino acid sequence, which determines the protein to be made.

Question 4

What is the process of protein synthesis?

Answer 4

Nucleus contains the DNA
Nucleolus contains rRNA to make ribosome.
Ribosome is site of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into an amino acid sequence
- mRNA leaves after transcription via nuclear pore
- moves to RER for protein synthesis and package protein into vesicle
- moves to golgi apparatus where proteins are modified (3D shape)
- vesicle fuses with cell surface membrane
- release protein via exocytosis
- protein joins with carbohydrates to form glycoprotein

Question 5

How is the cytoskeleton involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 5

Vesicles move along the cytoskeleton to deliver the protein.