3.1.2 Animal transport – Carriage of Carbon Dioxide Flashcards
(12 cards)
State the conditions that cause haemoglobin to have a high affinity for oxygen.
High oxygen partial pressure and low carbon dioxide partial pressure.
State the conditions that cause haemoglobin to have a low affinity for oxygen.
Low oxygen partial pressure and high carbon dioxide partial pressure.
What is the ‘Bohr effect’?
The increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide leading to a reduced affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen.
State 3 ways that carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood.
- In solution in plasma.
- In combination with haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin.
- As hydrogencarbonate ions.
When carbon dioxide combines with water in erythrocytes, what is produced?
Carbonic acid
Name the enzyme that catalyses the reaction in between carbon dioxide and water.
Carbonic anhydrase
What does carbonic acid dissociate to form?
Hydrogencarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.
What is formed when haemoglobin accepts the free hydrogen ions?
Haemoglobinic acid
When haemoglobin accepts the free hydrogen ions, what does it release?
Oxygen
Where do the hydrogencarbonate ions (HCO3-) travel to?
They move out of the erythrocytes and dissolve into the plasma.
Why do chloride ions (Cl-) move into the erythrocytes?
To maintain the electrical balance of the cell.
(one negatively charged ion moves in and one negatively charged ion moves out of the cell).
What is the movement of chloride ions into the erythrocyte known as?
The chloride shift
