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medical term > ch 12 female part 2 > Flashcards

ch 12 female part 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Atresia

A

Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina

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2
Q

Choriocarcinoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of the uterus or at the site of an ectopic pregnancy

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3
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse

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4
Q

Endocervicitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri

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5
Q

Retroversion

A

Turning or state of being turned back, especially an entire organ, such as the uterus, being tipped from its normal position

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6
Q

Uterine fibroids

A

Benign tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in the uterus;also called leiomyomas, myomas, or fibroids

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7
Q

Sterility

A

Inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female

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8
Q

Abortion

A

Termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus

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9
Q

Abruptio placentae

A

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterus wall before the third stage of labor;also called placental abruption

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10
Q

Breech presentation

A

Common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal buttocks or feet present first rather than head first

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11
Q

Down syndrome

A

Genetic condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46 and occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosomes 21 (trisomy), which causes delays in the way a child develops mentally and physically; also called trisomy 21

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12
Q

Eclampsia

A

Most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy

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13
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the uterine cavity but becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of the uterine cavity, such as a Fallopian tube, an ovary, the abdomen, or even the cervix uteri

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14
Q

Placenta previa

A

Obstetric complications in which the placenta is attached close to or covers the cervical canal that results in bleeding during labor when the cervix dilates

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15
Q

Intrauterine device (IUD)

A

Small T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy

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16
Q

Cerclage

A

Suturing of the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion

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17
Q

Cesarean section

A

Incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus; also called C-section

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18
Q

Colpocleisis

A

Surgical closure of the vaginal canal

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19
Q

Conization

A

Excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue,such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination

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20
Q

Cordocentesis

A

Sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance

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21
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Process of freezing tissue to destroy cells;also called cryocautery

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22
Q

Dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette

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23
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Excision of the uterus

24
Q

Subtotal

A

Hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and Fallopian tubes remain

25
Q

Total

A

Hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries and Fallopian tubes remain;also called complete hysterectomy

26
Q

Total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

A

Total (complete) hysterectomy, including removal of the uterus, cervix, Fallopian tubes, ovaries

27
Q

Laparoscopy

A

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdomeinal wall, usually at the umbilicus

28
Q

Transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap

A

Surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen, which is passed under the skin to the breast area, and then shaping the abdominal tissue (flap) into a natural-looking breast and suturing it into place

29
Q

Tubal ligation

A

Procedure that ties (ligates) the Fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy

30
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle ( position is verified by US on a monitor screen) and syringe to remove amniotic fluid

31
Q

Colposcopy

A

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope)

32
Q

Insufflation

A

Delivering of pressurized air or gas into a cavity, chamber, or organ to allow visual examination, remove an obstruction, or apply medication

33
Q

Tubal

A

Test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflation with carbon dioxide;also called Rubin test

34
Q

Pelvimetry

A

Measurement of pelvic dimension to determine whether the head of the fetus will be able to pass through the bony pelvis to allow delivery

35
Q

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

Sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects

36
Q

Endometrial biopsy

A

Removal of a sample of uterine endometrium for microscopic study

37
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

A

Cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination

38
Q

Hysterosalpingography

A

Radiography and, usually, fluoroscopy of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts)following injection of a contrast medium

39
Q

Mammography

A

Radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer

40
Q

Transvaginal

A

US of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvic

41
Q

Lumpectomy

A

Excision of a small primary breast tumor(or lump) and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it

42
Q

Mammoplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of the breast to change the size, shape, or position

43
Q

Augmentation

A

Insertion of a breast prosthesis (filled with silicone gel or saline) beneath the skin or beneath the pectoralis major muscle

44
Q

Reduction

A

Breast reduction to reduce the size of a large, pendulous breast

45
Q

mastectomy

A

excision of the entire breast

46
Q

total (simple)

A

excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin; also called simple mastectomy

47
Q

modified radical

A

excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection)

48
Q

radical

A

excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast

49
Q

reconstructive breast surgery

A

creation of a breast-shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed due to cancer or other disease

50
Q

tissue (skin) expansion

A

common breast reconstruction technique in which a ballon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is then replaced with a more permanent implant

51
Q

antifungals

A

treat vaginal yeast infection by altering the yeast cell membrane or interfering with a metabolic process
antifungal used to treat vaginal yeast infections are applied topically as ointments, suppositories, or vaginal tablets

52
Q

estrogens

A

treat symptoms of menopause (host flashes,vaginal dryness, fatigue) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
long-term use of estrogen has been linked with an increased risk of thrombophlebitis and breast and endometrial cancers

53
Q

oral contraceptives

A

synthetic hormones used to prevent pregnancy and treat menstrual disorders
oral contraceptives, or birth control pills, contain a combination of estrogen and progestin and are highly effective in preventing pregnancy if taken as directed

54
Q

oxytocics

A

induced labor at term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contractions
oxytocics are also used during the postpartum period to control bleeding after the expulsion of the palcenta

55
Q

prostaglandins

A

terminate pregnancy

large doses of certain prostaglandins can cause the uterus to contract strongly enough to spontaneously abort a fetus

56
Q

spermicides

A

chemically destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus
spermicide are available in foam, jelly, gel, and suppositories. they are used within the female vagina for contraception. spermicides have a higher failure rate than other methods of birth control

medical term (15 decks)

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