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ch8 cardiovascular part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Aneurysm

A

Localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

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2
Q

Angina

A

Mild to severe suffocating pain that typically occurs in the chest and is caused by inadequate blood flow to the myocardium also called angina pectoris

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3
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart; also dysrhythmia

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4
Q

Bradycardia

A

Arrhythmia in which the heart beat abnormally slowly, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult

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5
Q

Fibrillation

A

Arrhythmia in which there is an abnormally rapid, uncorrelated quivering of the myocardium myocardium that can affect the Atria of the ventricles

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6
Q

Heart block

A

Arrhythmia in which there is interference with the abnormal transmission of electrical impulses from the SA node to the purkinje fibers

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7
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening and narrowing of an artery along with the loss of its elasticity

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8
Q

Tachycardia

A

Arrhythmia in which there is a fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 beats/minute

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9
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the deposit of plaques containing cholesterol and lipids that narrows the lumen in the arteries

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10
Q

Carotid artery disease

A

Narrowing of the carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis; may eventually lead to thrombus formation and stroke

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11
Q

Bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, associated valvular action or with the movement of blood as it passes and obstruction or both also called murmur

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12
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

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13
Q

Coarctation

A

Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

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14
Q

Embolism

A

Condition in which a mass commonly a blood clot becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing blood flow

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15
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Excessive amounts of lipids cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides in the blood

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16
Q

Hypertension(HTN)

A

Elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm hg

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17
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg

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18
Q

Infarction

A

Localized tissue necrosis due to the cessation of blood supply

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19
Q

Ischemia

A

Local, temporary deficiency of blood supply to an organ or tissue due to circulatory obstruction

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20
Q

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

Structural defect in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

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21
Q

Palpitation

A

Sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat, or flutter

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22
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs (more commonly the legs)

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23
Q

Syncope

A

Partial or complete loss of consciousness that is usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain; also called fainting

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24
Q

Thrombosis

A

Abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation

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25
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the leg or thighs; also called deep venous thrombosis
26
Defibrillation
Electrical shock delivered randomly during the cardiac cycle to treat emergency life- threatening arrhythmias
27
Cardioversion
Defibrillation technique using low energy shocks to treat an arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter , or ventricular tachycardia), and is usually synchronized with the large R waves of the ECG complex to restore normal heart rhythm
28
Sclerotherapy
Injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein
29
Thrombolysis
Destruction of a blood | clot using anticlotting called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator
30
Angioplasty
Any Endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow
31
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Angioplasty of the coronary arteries in which a balloon Catheter is inserted through the skin into the right femoral artery and threaded to the site of the stenosis to enlarge the lumen of the artery and restore forward blood flow
32
Arterial
Removal of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteries, a type of vasculitis
33
Catheter ablation
Treatment for cardiac arrhythmias; Usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance
34
Commissurotomy
Surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their points of contact(commissures)
35
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the block part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
36
Embolectomy
Removal of an embolus
37
Endarterectomy
Removal of fatty plaque from the interior of an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device
38
Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) insertion
implantation of a battery powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricle tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death; also Called implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
39
Laser ablation
Procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
40
Open heart surgery
Surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart- lung Machine
41
Stent placement
Placement of a mesh tube inserted into a natural passage or conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease- induced, localized flow constriction
42
Valvotomy
Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis
43
Cardiac catheterization(CC)
Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart
44
Electrophysiology study (EPS)
Procedure used to determine the cause of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias by mapping the heart conduction system in a patient with an arrhythmia
45
Electrocardiography (ECG,EKG)
Procedure that graphically Records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes apply to the chest, arms, and legs
46
Holter moniter test
ECG taken with a small, portable recording system capable of storing to 48hours of ECG tracings; also called event monitor test
47
Stress test
ECG taken under control exercise stress conditions, bicycle or treadmill
48
Cardiac enzyme studies
Blood test that measures the presence in amount of cardiac enzymes in the blood, including troponin T, Tropin I, and creatine kinase
49
Lipid panel
Series a blood test total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, And triglycerides)used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease
50
Angiography
Radiographic image (angiogram) oh the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium also called arteriography
51
Aortography
Angiography of the aorta and its branches afternoon second injection of a contrast medium
52
Coronary
Angiography that is used to determine the degree of stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart
53
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Noninvasive technique that uses radio waves in a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce highly detailed, Multiplanar, cross-sectional is a soft tissue
54
Cardiac
Specialized MRI that provides information on both static and moving images of the heart, including blood flow in velocity
55
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
Type of MRI scan that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to provide detailed images of blood vessels
56
Multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan
Nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how well the heart walls move as they contract and calculates the ejection fraction rate ( amount of blood the ventricle can pump out in one contraction)
57
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
MUGA scan of the heart in which the gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create individual images as slices of the heart tomography
58
Nuclear perfusion study
Test used in conjunction with a stress test to detect the presence of coronary arteries; also called thallium scan or cardiolite scan
59
Ultrasonography (US)
High frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a moniter of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo
60
Doppler
Ultrasonography used to assess blood flow through blood vessels and the heart
61
Echocardiography (ECHO)
Ultrasonography that is used to visualize internal cardiac structures, produce images of the heart, and assess cardiac output
62
Venography
Radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, indicating an obstruction
63
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin 1 ( an (a potent vasoconstrictor)ACE inhibitors treat hypertension
64
Antiarrhythmics
Prevent, alleviate, or correct cardiac arrhythmias (dysrhythmias) by stabilizing the electrical conduction of the heart Treat atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias
65
Beta-blockers
Block the effect of adrenaline, which slows nerve pulses through the heart, causing a decrease in heart rate Prescribed for hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias
66
Calcium channel blockers
Block movement of calcium (required for blood vessel contraction) into myocardial cells and arterial walls, causing heart rate and blood pressure to decrease Treat angina pectoris, hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart failure
67
Diuretics
Act on kidneys to increase excretion of water and sodium
68
Nitrates
Dilate blood vessels of the heart, causing an increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium, and widen blood vessels of the body, allowing more blood flow to the heart
69
Statins
Lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it
70
Vasodilators
Reduce blood pressure by relaxing the smooth muscle in blood vessels, particularly in the large arteries, arterioles, and large vein, which decreases vascular resistance Treat hypertension, heart failure, and angina
71
Biopsy
Removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnosis purpose

medical term (15 decks)

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