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biology 113 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

polysaccharide

A

multiple-linked sugars {polymer}

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2
Q

glucose

A

primary source of energy for cells

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3
Q

chitin

A

a complex polysaccharide that forms the exoskeleton of arthropods

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4
Q

cellulose

A

complex polysacchride that forms plant cell walls

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5
Q

virus

A

infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information

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6
Q

solvent

A

substance in which other substances can dissolve (i.e. water)

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7
Q

solute

A

dissolved substance

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8
Q

proton

A

positively charged

found in nucleus

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9
Q

protein

A

organic molecule made up of linked amino acid subunits
provide structural support for cells
involved in cell motility
require a special 3D shape to function properly

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10
Q

macromolecule

A

large organic molecules that make up living organisms

i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

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11
Q

inorganic molecule

A

a molecule without a carbon-based backbone and C-H bonds (i.e. CO2)

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12
Q

homeostatis

A

maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment, even when the external environment changes
i.e. sweating, drinking water, winter hair

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13
Q

covalent bond

A

strong bond formed by sharing a pair of electrons between two atoms

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14
Q

atom

A

smallest unit of an element

all life is based on the element carbon

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15
Q

prion

A

infectious agent made up only of protein

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16
Q

ion

A

electrically charged atom

charge results from the loss or gain of electrons

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17
Q

polymer

A

molecule made up of individual subunits, called monomers, linked together in a chain

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18
Q

hydrophilic

A

“water-loving”

dissolves in water

19
Q

polar molecule

A

a molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms, causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive charge at the other end (i.e. water)

20
Q

element

A

substances that can’t be broken down by chemical means into smaller substances

21
Q

phospholipids

A

type of lipid that forms the cell membrane

22
Q

carbohydrate

A

one or more sugar molecules

functions: energy storage, structural support in cells

23
Q

pH

A

a measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution

24
Q

adhension

A

water molecules sticking to other surfaces through hydrogen bonding

25
Q

organic molecules

A

a molecule with a carbon-based backbone and at least one C-H bond (i.e. glucose)

26
Q

lipid

A

organic molecules that generally repel water

27
Q

nucleus

A

core of an atom

protons and neutrons

28
Q

ionic bond

A

a strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ion formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another

29
Q

nucleotide

A

building block, or monomer, of a nucleic acid

30
Q

hydrophobic

A

“water fearing”

will not dissolve in water

31
Q

nucleic acid

A

organic molecules made up of linked nucleotide subunits

i.e. DNA and RNA

32
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and an atom with a partial negative charge

33
Q

neutron

A

no charge

found in nucleus of an atom

34
Q

energy

A

the ability to do work including building complex molecules

35
Q

monosaccharide

A

one sugar, building block or monomer of a carbohydrate

36
Q

electron

A

negatively charged subatomic particle with negligible mass

37
Q

monomer

A

one chemical subunit of a polymer

38
Q

cohesion

A

water molecules sticking to water molecules through hydrogen bonding

39
Q

molecule

A

atoms linked by covalent bonds

40
Q

base

A

a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions

41
Q

metabolism

A

chemical reactions convert the food energy into usable energy

42
Q

amino acid

A

building block, or monomer, of a protein

linked by peptide bonds to make the polymers of amino acids

43
Q

matter

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

44
Q

acid

A

substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions

biology 113 (17 decks)

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