Chapter 9 Flashcards
interphase
the stage of the cell cycle in which cell spend most of their time, preparing for cell division
3 distinct sub-phases: G1, S, & G2
DNA repair mechanisms
- fix if they can fix 2. apoptosis if they can’t fix
HeLa cells
one of the cells grown from the cervical cancer of Henrietta Lacks
first human cells to be continously grown in culture
chemotherapy
the treatment of disease, specifically cancer, by the use of chemicals
S phase
when the amount of DNA doubles
synthesis phase
when DNA replicates and chromosomes are therefore duplicated
G2 phase
when the cell is ready to enter the division phase
cell cycle checkpoints
cellular mechanisms that ensure that each stage of the cell cycle is completed accurately
apoptosis
programmed cell death
often referred to as cellular suicide
radiation therapy
beams of high-energy electrons are focused on a tumor
severely damages cell molecules and causes rampant DNA damage
anaphase
sister chromatids seperate at centromere
chromsomes move to opposite poles
Pacific Yew Tree
where taxol comes from (bark of)
Northern Spotted Owl
lived in the forest where yew trees were being harvested
sister chromatids
two identical DNA molecules that make up a duplicated chromosome following DNA replication
centromere
specialized region of a chromosome where the sister chromatids are joined
critical for proper alignment and seperation of sister chromatids during meiosis
surgery
effective in treating tumors in cancer that has already spread
