Chapter 10

Question 1

hereditary mutation

Answer 1

germ-line mutation
the gene changes are found in the sperm and egg cells (germ cells) and can be passed from parent to child each generation

Question 2

nonhereditary mutation

Answer 2

stomatic mutations

occur in cells other than the geerm cells cannot be passed on to future generations

Question 3

germ-line mutation

Answer 3

mutation occuring in gametes

passed on to offspring

Question 4

mutagens

Answer 4

chemicals or physical agens that can damage DNA by changing its nucleotide sequence
causes mutations

Question 5

carcinogens

Answer 5

any chemical agents that cause cancer by damaging DNA
type/class of mutagen

Question 6

malignant tumor

Answer 6

cancerous tumor that spreads throughout the body

happens after multiple hits

Question 7

benign tumor

Answer 7

a noncancerous tumor that will not spread throughout the body
happens after 1 or 2 hits

Question 8

somatic mutation

Answer 8

mutation that occurs in a body (nongamete) cell

not passed on to offspring

Question 9

sickle-cell anemia

Answer 9

subtitution of one nucleotide of the hemoglobin protein gene (A or T)

Question 10

oncogenes

Answer 10

genes that cause cancer

Question 11

mutation

Answer 11

change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

may be advantageous, cause harm, or create new alleles in a population