Chapter 13

Question 1

totipotent

Answer 1

describes a cell with the ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body

Question 2

cellular differenetiation

Answer 2

the process by which a cell specializes to carry out a specific role

Question 3

tissues

Answer 3

an organized group of different cell types that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 4

induced pluripotent stem cells

Answer 4

pluripotent stem cell that was generated by manipulated of a differentiated somatic cell

Question 5

pluripotent

Answer 5

describes a cell with the ability to differentiate into nearly any cell type in the body

Question 6

differential gene expression

Answer 6

the process by which genes are “turned on” or expressed, in different cell types

Question 7

adult stem cells

Answer 7

stem cells located in tissues that help maintain and regenerate those tissues

Question 8

multipotent

Answer 8

cells with restricted ability to differentiate

Question 9

SCNT

Answer 9

somatic cell nuclear transfer
cloning
the nucleus of a haploid unfertilized human egg is replaced with the diploid nucleus taken from another cell
produces a new embryo with the same genes as the donor cell

Question 10

stem cells

Answer 10

relatively unspecialized cells that can divide and differentiate into different cell types

Question 11

therapeutic drugs

Answer 11

stimulate stem cells to grow and differentiate into specialized cell types

Question 12

regenerative medicine

Answer 12

seeks to prod stem cells to divide, prod stem cells to differentiate, and stimulate stem cells to make cell types they wouldn’t normally make

Question 13

cloning

Answer 13

somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
the nucleus of a human egg cell is replaced with diploid nucleus of somatic cell which forms an embryo that can be cultured

Question 14

cell therapy

Answer 14

remove stem cells, chemically induce to divide, and then re-implant cells

Question 15

de-differentiation

Answer 15

cells can do this with the adding of genes or proteins

Question 16

embryonic stem cells

Answer 16

includes totipotent and pluripotent can become almost every cell (depending on what stage)

Question 17

“bio-printing”

Answer 17

a computer graphics and cellular “ink” used to manufacture organs

Question 18

specialized cells

Answer 18

tissues are an example of this perform specific functions

Question 19

blastocyst

Answer 19

the stage of embryonic development in which the embryo is a hallow ball of cells
researchers, can derive embryonic stem cell lines during the blastocyst stage