Chapter 14

Question 1

diversifying selection

Answer 1

type of natural selection in which organisms with phenotypes are both extremes of the phenotype range are favored by the environment

Question 2

stablizing selection

Answer 2

type of natural selection in which in which organisms hear the middle of the phenotype range of variation are favored by the environment

Question 3

natural selection

Answer 3

differential survival and reproduction of indivudals in response to environmental pressure that leads to change in allele frequencies in a population over time

Question 4

population

Answer 4

group of organisms of the same species living and interacting in a particular area

Question 5

directional selection

Answer 5

type of natural selection in which organisms with phenotypes at one end of the spectrum are favored by the environment

Question 6

fitness

Answer 6

relative ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

Question 7

binary fission

Answer 7

type of asexual reproduction in which one parental cell divides into two

Question 8

community MRSA strain

Answer 8

more recent and more virulent than hospital strain

produces more toxins that can lead to tissue necrosis

Question 9

Hospital MRSA strain

Answer 9

older and less virulent

Question 10

virulent

Answer 10

aggressiveness of a strain

Question 11

mutation

Answer 11

way bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistence
mistakes during DNA replication
produces new alleles

Question 12

asexually

Answer 12

how bacteria reproduce

do not need a partner to reproduce

Question 13

non-beta-lactam antibiotics

Answer 13

used to treat MRSA infections

Question 14

beta-lactams

Answer 14

most common form of antibiotics

interfere with bacteria cell wall formation

Question 15

gene transfer

Answer 15

mechanism where pieces of DNA pass from one type of bacteria to another through this bacteria can acquire new alleles and even new genes

Question 16

triclosan

Answer 16

prevalent antibacterial compound linked to adverse health/environmental effects
FDA evaluating daily use and other antibacterial products (by 2016)

Question 17

pilus (pili)

Answer 17

bridge connecting during gene transfer in bacteria

Question 18

vancomycin

Answer 18

antibiotic used as a last resort

Question 19

staphylococcus aureus

Answer 19

common bacterium found in the bloodstream

can be present without signs of infection

Question 20

MRSA

Answer 20

staphylococcus aureus bacteria that are resistant to many antibiotics
resistant to beta-lactams
the most severe disease that can result from MRSA is necrotizing fascitis

Question 21

evolution

Answer 21

change in allele frequencies in a population over time

Question 22

adaptaiton

Answer 22

process by which populations become better suited to their environment as a result of natural selection