Module 23

Question 1

Garcia and Koelling’s taste-aversion research

Answer 1

Limits on classical conditioning

Question 2

Animals and humans seem – prepared to learn some associations rather than others

Answer 2

biologically

Question 3

Conditioning is stronger when the conditioned stimulus is – relevant

Answer 3

ecologically

Question 4

Genetic predisposition to associate CS with a US that follows predictably and immediately is –

Answer 4

adaptive

Question 5

Nature limits species’ capacity for –

Answer 5

operant

conditioning

Question 6

– predispose organisms to learn associations that are naturally adaptive

Answer 6

Biological constraints

Question 7

– occurs as animals revert to biologically predisposed patterns

Answer 7

Instinctive drift

Question 8

Mental information that guides behavior is acquired through –

Answer 8

cognitive learning.

Question 9

Animal learning of predictability of event

Answer 9

(Rescorla and Wagner, 1972)

Question 10

British children conditioning of ice-cream associated characters

Answer 10

(Field, 2006)

Question 11

discounted importance of cognition

Answer 11

Skinner

Question 12

§ Animal response on fixed-interval reinforcement
schedule
§ Development of cognitive map in rats (latent learning)
§ Destruction of intrinsic motivation by excessive rewards

Answer 12

evidence of cognitive processes

Question 13

Higher animals learn without direct experience by

watching and imitating others

Answer 13

observational learning

Question 14

pioneer researcher of observational learning

Answer 14

Bandura

Question 15

Bobo doll experiment dealt with – reinforcement and punishment

Answer 15

vicarious

Question 16

Include frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so

Answer 16

mirror neurons

Question 17

May enable imitation and empathy

Answer 17

brain’s mirroring of another’s action

Question 18

Behavior modeling enhances learning of communication, sales, and customer service skills in new employees

Answer 18

prosocial effects

Question 19

abusive parents may have aggressive children

Answer 19

antisocial effects