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Psych 10 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fourth century B.C.E. – used observation and questioning to understand the body-psyche relationship

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

What event defined the start of scientific psychology?

A

began in Germany when Wundt opened the first psychology lab

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3
Q

defined psychology as “science of mental life”

A

Wundt

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4
Q

Wundt added two key elements to enhance the scientific nature of psychology

A

carefully measured observations and experiments

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5
Q

mentored by Wundt

A

Titchener

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6
Q

Encouraged

introspection, reporting on sensations and other elements of experience in reaction to stimuli

A

Titchener

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7
Q

Why did introspection fail as a method for understanding how the mind works?

A

variable self reports

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8
Q

1st psychologist

A

William James

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9
Q

assemble the mind’s structure from simple elements by looking at the evolved functions of thoughts and feelings

A

functionalism

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10
Q

form of psychology that used introspection to define the mind’s makeup

A

structuralism

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11
Q

– focused on how mental processes enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish

A

functionalism

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12
Q

James believed that emotions were –

A

bottom up

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13
Q

functionalism =

A

William James

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14
Q

1st APA female president

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

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15
Q

studied with James but denied PhD

A

Calkins

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16
Q

second APA female president and wrote The Animal Mind

A

Maragret Floy Washburn

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17
Q

authored Principles of Psychology

A

James

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18
Q

studied with Michener but barred from his experimental psychology organization

A

Washburn

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19
Q

first woman to receive psychology PhD

A

Washburn

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20
Q

Defined psychology as “scientific study of observable

behavior” without reference to mental processes

A

behaviorism

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21
Q

psychologists of behaviorism

A

Watson, Skinner, and Rayner

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22
Q

two of the major forces in psychology well into the 1960s

A

behaviorism and Freudian psychology

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23
Q

classical conditioning

A

Watson

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24
Q

operant conditioning

A

Skinner

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25
Q

behaviorists Watson and Skinner dismissed –

A

introspection

26
Q

Watson and Rayner conducted famous – experiments which showed that fear could be learned

A

“Little Albert”

27
Q

Emphasized ways unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affect later behavior

A

Freudian psychology

28
Q
  • Revived interest in study of mental processes
  • Focused on ways current environments can nurture or limit growth potential and importance of having need for love and acceptance satisfied
A

humanistic psychology

29
Q

who led humanistic psychology

A

Rogers and Maslow

30
Q

The – occurred in 1960 and focus returned to interest in mental processes.

A

cognitive revolution

31
Q

– scientifically explored ways in which information is perceived, processed, and remembered.

A

Cognitive psychology

32
Q

The interdisciplinary field of – ties the science of mind (cognitive psychology) and the science of the brain (neuroscience) and focuses on brain activity underlying mental activity

A

cognitive neuroscience

33
Q

How did the cognitive revolution affect the field of psychology? It recaptured the field’s early interest in – and made them legitimate topics for scientific study.

A

mental processes

34
Q

psychology =

A

science of behavior and mental processes

35
Q

The field of psychology is growing and –

A

globalizing

36
Q

Character and intelligence inherited; some ideas inborn

A

Plato (nature)

37
Q

Some ideas are intuitive

A

Descartes (nature)

38
Q

Some traits, behaviors, and instincts are part of species; natural selection

A

Darwin (nature)

39
Q

content of mind comes through senses

A

Aristotle (nurture)

40
Q

mind is a blank slate

A

Locke (nurture)

41
Q

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

A

natural selection

42
Q

Focus on how humans are alike because of common biology and evolutionary history

A

evolutionary psychology

43
Q

focus on differences related to differing genes and environments

A

behavior genetics

44
Q

Focus on ways culture shapes behavior, but same underlying processes are universal

A

cross-cultural psychology

45
Q

Gender psychology: Focus on differences; males and females are overwhelmingly –

A

similar

46
Q

even when specific attitudes and behaviors vary by gender or across cultures, as they often do, the underlying causes are much the–

A

same

47
Q

Uses scientific methods to investigate building of good life that engages skill-building and a meaningful life that extends beyond self

A

positive psychology

48
Q

positive psychologists such as – explores human flourishing

A

Seligman

49
Q

psychology’s three main levels of analysis

A

biological, psychological, socio-cultural

50
Q

psychology is a – scientific discipline (Cacloppo)

A

hub

51
Q

Common quest : Describing and explaining – and the mind underlying it

A

behavior

52
Q

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

A

neuroscience

53
Q

How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

A

evolutionary

54
Q

How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences

A

behavior genetics

55
Q

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

A

psychodynamic

56
Q

how we learn observable responses

A

behavioral

57
Q

how we encode, process, store, and retrieve info

A

cognitive

58
Q

how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

A

socio-cultural

59
Q

Testing boosts – of material

A

retention

60
Q

Actively processing material and retrieving material helps master it

A

testing effect

61
Q

– rehearsal, interspaced with other subjects, is more efficient than cramming

A

Spaced

62
Q

SQ3R study method

A

Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review

Psych 10 (22 decks)

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