OB EXAM 2 Flashcards
woman who is pregnant.
Gravida
pregnancy
gravidity
woman who has never been pregnant.
Nulligravida:
: woman who is pregnant for the first time.
Primigravida:
woman who has had two or more pregnancies
Multigravida:
number of pregnancies in which fetus or fetuses have reached viability (20 weeks when they are born), not the number of fetuses born.
parity
woman who has NOT completed pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached 20 weeks gestation.
nullipara
: woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached 20 weeks gestation.
primipara
woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 weeks of gestation or more.
Multipara:
pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation but ends before completion of 37 weeks of gestation.
Preterm:
pregnancy that has reached between 34 weeks 0 days and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation.
late term
pregnancy that has reached between 37 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation.
early term
pregnancy that has reached between 39 weeks 0 days and 40 weeks 6 days of gestation.
full term
pregnancy that has reached between 41 weeks 0 days and 41 weeks 6 days of gestation.
late term
term pregnancy is ____ - ____ weeks
37-42
preterm is before week ____
37
post term is a PG that reached btwn ___ weeks ___ days and beyond gestation
42 weeks & 0 days
capacity to live outside the uterus. Book says 22-25 weeks gestation.
viability
GTPAL
gravida term preterm aborted living
gravida =
of pregnancies
term=
of term pregnancies.
37-42 weeks
preterm
# of preterm pregnancies 20-37 weeks
aborted=
of abortions. spontaneous or induced
living=
of living children
3 types of signs of pregnancies
presumptive
probable
positive
presumptive signs of PG are ____ changes.
subjective
ex of presumptive signs
no period
breast tenderness
N/V
fatigue
probable signs are ___ changes.
objective
ex of probable signs of PG
hegar’s sign
goodell sign
chadwick sign
• The softening of the lower uterine segment while the uterus remains firm.
hegar’s sign
when can you notice hegar’s sign
6 weeks
softening of the cervical tip
goodell sign
when can you observe godless sign
5-6 weeks
vaginal mucosa and cervix turn violet blue color
chadwicks sign
when can you notice chadwicks sign
6-8 weeks
signs attributable only to fetal presence
positive sx of pregnancy
ex of positive signs of PG
fetal heart tones
ultrasound
palpate fetal movement
when is fundal height assessed?
2nd trimester
fundal height is an indicator of?
fetal growth
check fundal height from ___ to ___ gestational weeks
18-32 weeks
low fundal height may be
IUGR
IUGR menas
intrauterine growth restriction
high fundal height may be?
multifetal gestation or hydraminios
hydraminios =
too much amniotic fluid
lightening occurs between ___-___ weeks gestation
38-40
when the fundal height drops
lightening
The fetus begins to descend and engage into the pelvis
lightening
nullapara mother with lightening when?
2 weeks before onset of labor
multipara mother lightening occurs when?
time of labor occuring
pregnancy may “show” after the ___ week
14th week
increases as the uterine size increases
BV
BV is ____ - ___ ml per min of blood at full term
450-650
- Oxygen consumption increases to
meet fetal demands
- rushing or blowing sound of maternal blood rushing through the uterine arteries, should be synchronized with maternal pulse
uterine souffle
sound heard as blood rushes through umbilical cord. Synchronized with fetal heart rate.
funic souffle
cervical changes
o Passive movement of unengaged fetus.
- First recognition of movement.
- Mom starts to feel baby moving.
- The movement will gradually increase in intensity and frequency.
quickening
quickening can occur when?
14-16 weeks
- Tap finger of bottom of cervix to feel vibration of baby inside.
ballottement
ballottement occurs when?
16-28 weeks
o Softening of lower part of uterus where cervix remains firm
hegar sign
o Training for labor
o Irregular
o Painless
usually go away with movement
do not increase in intensity and frequency
braxton hicks contractions
braxton hicks contractions occur intermittently during PG, but become more defined after ____ weeks
28
do braxton hicks contractions dilate the cervix?
NO
located around nipples and provides lubrication to nipples to prepare for breast feeding.
montgomery tubercles
changes in breast are due to
increase in estrogen & progesterone
stretch marks
striae gravidarum
colostrum by ____ weeks
16
BV is increased ____% above pre-pregnant levels
30-45%
increase in RBCs by ____%
20-30%
the increase in BV is a protective measure?
to be able to hydrate maternal and fetal needs of enlarged uterus
how much blood loss in vaginal birth
200-400 cc
how much blood loss in c section
500 cc blood loss
Women who are pregnant are 5-6x times like to develop
thromboembolic disease
RISK FOR thromboembolic disease due to
increase in clotting factors
respiratory changes during PG
nasal & sinus stuffiness
c/o nose bleeds
mask of pregnancy. Blochy brownish pigmentation that covers the cheek nose and forehead of a pregnant woman. Can appear up to 50-70% of women. 16 weeks of gestation & will increase until delivery. Darker complected women are more affected. The sun intensifies this. Usually after delivery this will fade.
melasma
symphisis pubis to top of fundus. Dark line.
linea nigra
stertch marks on lower abd. And also on woman thighs and breasts. Can cause scars. They may lighten but will not go away.
Striae gravidarum
increase curvature of lumbosacral area. Her center of gravity is off, so the curve allows them to remain balanced.
“Proud walk of Pregnancy”
