390 EXAM 2

Question 1

o Protection of participants’ confidentiality such that even the researcher cannot link individuals with the data they provided

Answer 1

anonymity

Question 2

o The affirmative agreement of member of a vulnerable group (children) to participate in a study

Answer 2

assent

Question 3

o Provided a model for many guidelines adopted by disciplinary organizations in the United States

Answer 3

belmont report

Question 4

o An ethical principle that seeks to maximize benefits for study participants, and prevent harm

Answer 4

beneficience

Question 5

o Allows researchers to refuse to disclose information on study participants in any civil, criminal, administrative, or legislative proceeding

Answer 5

ϖ Certificate of Confidentiality

Question 6

o The fundamental ethical principles established by a discipline or institution to guide researchers’ conduct in research with human (or animal) study participants

Answer 6

ϖ Code of Ethics

Question 7

o Document signed by participants that includes information about the study purpose, specific expectations regarding participation, the voluntary nature of participation, and potential costs and benefits

Answer 7

ϖ Consent Form

Question 8

o Is a pledge that any information participants provide will not be publicly reported in a manner that identifies them and will not be made accessible to others

Answer 8

confidentiality

Question 9

o Sessions following data collection so that participants can ask questions or air complaints

Answer 9

ϖ Debriefing

Question 10

o A situation in which the rights of study participants are in direct conflict with requirements of a study

Answer 10

ϖ Ethical Dilemma

Question 11

o Means that the researcher has fully described the study, the persons right to refuse participation, and possible risk and benefits

Answer 11

full disclosure

Question 12

o The return of a completed questionnaire reflects the person’s voluntary consent to participate

Answer 12

implied consent

Question 13

o Means that participants have adequate information about the study, comprehend the information, and have the power of free choice, enabling them to consent to or decline participation voluntarily

Answer 13

informed consent

Question 14

o In the United States, a group of people affiliated with an institution who convene to review proposed and ongoing studies with respect to ethical considerations

Answer 14

ϖ Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Question 15

o Is a risk expected to be no greater than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during routine tests or procedures

Answer 15

minimal risk

Question 16

o Consent is continuously renegotiated – QUALITATIVE

Answer 16

process consent

Question 17

o Is fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, conducting, or reviewing research, or in reporting results

Answer 17

research misconduct

Question 18

o Designed to evaluate whether the benefits of participating in a study are in line with the cost, be they financial, physical, emotional, or social

Answer 18

ϖ Risk/benefit Assessment

Question 19

o Generous monetary incentive

Answer 19

stipend

Question 20

o Special groups of people whose rights in studies need special protection because of their inability to provide meaningful informed consent or because their circumstances place them at higher than average risk of adverse effects (children, unconscious)

Answer 20

vulnerable population

Question 21

ϖ Nazi medical experiments
o Most famous example of recent disregard for ethical conduct
o Test human endurance and reactions to untested drugs

Answer 21

ϖ Nazi medical experiments

Question 22

why were the Nazi medical experiments unethical

Answer 22

♣ Subjects could not refuse to be in study

♣ Were exposed to harm and death

Question 23

o Intentionally infected poor black men with syphilis to see what happened in Alabama.

Answer 23

ϖ Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Question 24

♣ Ran by white males
♣ Men were told they were getting access to healthcare by nurse (some is better then none)
♣ There were no informed consent

Answer 24

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Question 25

what did they try to treat the men with during the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?

Answer 25

silver

Question 26

o Effected mentally disabled children with hepatitis

o 1950-60s

Answer 26

willowbrook

Question 27

o First international set of ethical standards

Answer 27

ϖ Nuremberg code

Question 28

o A situation in which the rights of study participants are in direct conflict with requirements of a study
o Violations usually occur out of a researchers conviction that knowledge is potentially life saving or beneficial in the long run

Answer 28

ethical dilemma