5.1 - 5.5

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

Fundamental concept of biology. States that all life is cellular and all life arises from preexisting cells.

Question 2

Cell Division

Answer 2

The underlying factor of all of life’s processes. The ability of cells to generate more cells.

Question 3

When a cell divides it replicates its __________, making the two offspring cells identical.

Answer 3

Chromosomes.

Question 4

Formation of genetically unique offspring.

Answer 4

Sexual reproduction.

Question 5

Fertilization

Answer 5

The joining of gametes (sperm and egg), to form a single cell called a zygote.

Question 6

Fertilization is followed by development of embryo through many rounds of __________.

Answer 6

Cell division.

Question 7

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 7

The creation of a new individual by a lone parent without participation of sperm and egg.

Question 8

Does Asexual reproduction result in offspring cells being identical?

Answer 8

Yes.

Question 9

Binary Fission

Answer 9

An organism’s single cell divides, creating two genetically identical offspring.

Question 10

Regeneration

Answer 10

When an animal can regrow lost limbs.

Question 11

Cells in the body that don’t divide (2)

Answer 11

Muscle cells, neuron cells.

Question 12

Cells that divide quickly (2)

Answer 12

Stomach cells, Skin cells.

Question 13

What does an abnormal mitosis mean..

Answer 13

Cancer.

Question 14

Meiosis

Answer 14

Sex Cell division that results in 4 unique haploid cells.

Question 15

One molecule of DNA may contain a great number of ________.

Answer 15

Genes

Question 16

Where are almost all genes in a eukaryotic cell found?

Answer 16

Chromosomes.

Question 17

How many chromosomes does a human cell have?

Answer 17

46

Question 18

Each chromosome is one very long piece of _____ associated with proteins.

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

Chromatin

Answer 19

Package of DNA and protein. This DNA is Un-wound. Before attached to chromosome.

Question 20

As a cell prepares to divide it replicates its ______ and then compacts them into a dense pair called ________.

Answer 20

Chromosomes; Sister Chromatids.

Question 21

What’s the point at which sister chromatids stay joined?

Answer 21

Centromere.

Question 22

Two chromosomes of similar size and shape are said to be __________.

Answer 22

Homologous

Question 23

Alleles

Answer 23

Alternative forms of the genes… Ex. Two genes code for eye color, one might be brown, the other blue.

Question 24

Diploid number

Answer 24

The unique number of chromosomes in a species.

Question 25

Cell Cycle

Answer 25

The lifetime of a cell. An ordered sequence of events from the time a cell is created from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells.

Question 26

Two stages of the cell cycle.

Answer 26

Interphase and Mitotic phase

Question 27

Interphase

Answer 27

The phase when the cell performs its normal functions. Around 90% of cell life.

Question 28

During interphase, the cell roughly doubles in size by building cytoplasm and organelles, and the chromsomes remain in an _______ state.

Answer 28

Uncondensed.

Question 29

What happens when a cell is prepared to divide.

Answer 29

It duplicates its chromosomes.

Question 30

During ______ the cell duplicates each chromosome.

Answer 30

Interphase.

Question 31

During ______, one copy of each chromosome is moved to each offspring cell.

Answer 31

Mitotic Phase.

Question 32

The part of the cell cycle when the cell actually divides.

Answer 32

Mitotic Phase.

Question 33

Mitosis

Answer 33

Nucleus ( along with already duplicated chromosomes) divides and is distributed to the two offspring cells.

Question 34

Cytokinesis

Answer 34

The cytoplasm is divided and distributed.

Question 35

What's the result of the mitotic phase?

Answer 35

Two genetically identical offspring cells that then begin their own cell cycles.

Question 36

Early interphase

Answer 36

Cell is carrying out normal activities.

Question 37

Chromosomes duplicate...

Answer 37

Cell is preparing to divide; generates sister chromatids.

Question 38

Chromosomes condense...

Answer 38

Nuclear membrane dissolves. Cell lays down mitotic spindle.

Question 39

Chromosomes align...

Answer 39

Sister chromatids line up and attach to mitotic spindle.

Question 40

Chromosomes split...

Answer 40

Sister chromatids are pulled apart as mitotic spindle retracts.

Question 41

What's cytokinesis ?

Answer 41

The division of the cytoplasm and is the final step in the cell cycle.

Question 42

How do plant and animal cytokinesis differ?

Answer 42

Animal cell is pinched into two, leaving two independent offspring cells. Plant cells divide their cytoplasm by forming a cell plate along the center line of the cell.

Question 43

Cleavage furrow

Answer 43

an indentation around the equator of the cell. Animal cell only.

Question 44

Cell plate

Answer 44

A strip of membrane and cell wall materials that forms along the center line of the cell.

Question 45

Diplicated chromosomes consist of two _______ , joined together at the __________.

Answer 45

Sister chromatids; Centromere.