5.4. Social Differentiation

Question 1

social differentiation definitions

Answer 1

process by which different statuses develop in any group, organisation or society

Question 2

social stratification definition

Answer 2

development of unequal layers based on factors such as income, education, status and power

people are divided into hierarchies based on:
- social class
- age
- gender
- ethnicity

Question 3

prejudice definition

Answer 3

forming negative attitudes based on preconceived notions

leads to discrimination, exclusion and unequal treatment

Question 4

stereotyping definition

Answer 4

making generalised assumptions based on characteristics

can limit opportunities and affect how athletes are treated

Question 5

discrimination definition

Answer 5

unfair or prejudicial treatment of individuals based on specific characteristics

Question 6

barriers to participation definition

Answer 6

factors that prevent individuals or groups from engaging in physical activity or sport

Question 7

2 areas of barriers to participation

Answer 7

discrimination of minority groups

socio-cultural and economic factors

Question 8

factors that can effect opportunity, provision, attitudes and values

Answer 8

time
education
finance
facilities/location

Question 9

3 main constraints to access to participation

Answer 9

opportunity - participate fully, excel & develop careers

provision - facilities, financial aid, coaching

esteem - acceptance, comparable media, recognition

Question 10

opportunity definition

Answer 10

whether people have chance to take part

influenced by socio-economic background, geographic location, work/school commitments, family support

e.g. child in rural area may not have local clubs or transport to access sport

Question 11

provision definition

Answer 11

whether facilities, equipment, coaches or clubs are available or appropriate

influenced by government/local investment, school provision & community initiatives

e.g. school may not offer rugby or netball, limiting what sports students can try

Question 12

esteem definition

Answer 12

relates to confidence, self belief & motivation to participate

affected by body image issues, past negative experiences, peer pressure or lack of role models

e.g. teenager might feel too self-conscious to join a gym class

Question 13

women in sport - barriers to participation

Answer 13

• society formed gender roles
• models of masculinity/femininity
• media influence, lack of coverage
• lack of role models
• less opportunities/access

Question 14

women in sport - strategies to overcome barriers

Answer 14

• promote positive role models
• single sex sessions, female coaches
• body positive education, uniforms
• improve media coverage, sponsorship
• curriculum reform in schools
• flexible scheduling & policies

Question 15

women in sport barriers - examples & data

Answer 15

• girlguiding found 37% avoid physical activity due to appearance concerns
• 82% female footballers experience discomfort from boots
• ‘This Girl Can’ campaign inspired 1.6 million women to start exercising

Question 16

ethnic minorities in sport - barriers to participation

Answer 16

• cultural and religious beliefs
• lack of role models
• racism and discrimination
• economic barriers
• language and communication barriers

Question 17

ethnic minorities in sport barriers - strategies to overcome

Answer 17

• community engagement programs
• increased representation
• antiracism campaigns and policies
• faith sensitive and inclusive facilities

Question 18

ethnic minorities in sport barriers - examples & data

Answer 18

• only 5% coaches in UK are from BAME backgrounds (Black, Asian, Minority Ethnic)
• only 23% Black adults classes as active compared to 62% white British adults
• sport england invested £250million in tackling inequalities

Question 19

disabled individuals in sport - barriers to participation

Answer 19

• lack of accessible facilities
• limited opportunities & specialist equipment
• negative attitudes & stereotypes
• low confidence
• inadequate coach education
• transport & cost barriers
• lack of role models

Question 20

disabled individuals in sport barriers - strategies to overcome

Answer 20

• inclusive facility design
• adaptive programs
• role models & media representation
• school inclusion policies
• teacher & coach education
• transport & community outreach

Question 21

disabled individuals in sport barriers - examples & data

Answer 21

• only 18% disabled adults take part in sport once a week compared to 39% non-disabled adults
• UK gov. pledged £50 million towards inclusive sport as part of get active strategy

Question 22

centrality definiton

Answer 22

positioning of players in central roles

reinforces stereotypes

eg. minority players less likely seen in leadership roles

Question 23

racial stacking definition

Answer 23

placing athletes in certain positions based on race

eg. Black players in more physically demanding positions, White players in more technical positions

limits diversity in specific roles

Question 24

social mobility definition

Answer 24

movement of individuals up and down a social hierarchy