5.7 Other Hormones

Question 0

Class of eicosanoids that cause vasoconstriction

Answer 0

Thromboxanes

Question 1

Class of eicosanoids that cause vasodilation

Answer 1

Prostacyclins

Question 2

Class of eicosanoids that cause renin release and bronchoconstriction

Answer 2

Prostaglandins

Question 3

Class of eicosanoids that mediate inflammation and allergic reactions

Answer 3

Leukotrienes

Question 4

eicosanoids are derived from
A. Lactic acid
B. Carbonic acid
C. Arachidonic acid

Answer 4

C. Arachidonic acid

Question 5

Major pathway for liberating arachidonic acid

Answer 5

Phospholipase A2

Phospholipase C-B is an indirect pathway to obtain arachidonic acid

Question 6

Primary source of leptin

Answer 6

Adipocytes

Question 7

Leptin binds to
A. Gcpr receptor
B. cytokine receptor
C. Catalytic receptor

Answer 7

B. cytokine receptor

Question 8

Which is a potent vasoconstrictor?
A. HETE
B. EET

Answer 8

A. HETE

Question 9

HETE and ETE are responsible for RELEASE OF INTRACELLULAR CA STORES and INCREASED CELL PROLIFERATION.

TRUE OR FALSE.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

Inhibits food intake
A. Leptin
B. Ghrelin
C. Growth hormone
D. Prostaglandin

Answer 10

A. Leptin

Question 11

Leptin stimulates: @-MSH; inhibits: _________

Answer 11

Lepton inhibits NPY cause this stimulate food intake

Question 12

Which pair is correct
A. NPY- anorexigenic
B. @-MSH - orexigenic
C. AGRP - orexigenic

Answer 12

A. NPY- anorexigenic WRONG. NPT stimulates food intake, Ghrelin
B. @-MSH - orexigenic WRONG MSH inhibits food intake, Leptin
C. AGRP - orexigenic CORRECT AGRP stimulates food intake Ghrelin

Question 13

Plays a role in tumor suppression and tumor metastasis
A. Prostaglandin
B. Leukotrienes
C. NO
D. Erythropoietin

Answer 13

C. NO

Question 14

NO is synthesized from
A. Lysine
B. Tryptophan
C. Arginine

Answer 14

C. Arginine via NOS

Question 15

Which is responsible for vasodilation
A. mNOS
B. eNOS
C. nNOS

Answer 15

A. mNOS - immune cell regulation
B. eNOS - CORRECT : vasodilation
C. nNOS - neural effect

Question 16

Potent vasoconstrictor of endothelial cells

Answer 16

Endothelin

Question 17

Which induces NO formation
A. ETA1
B. ETA2
C. ETB1
D. ETB2

Answer 17

A. ETA1 - vasoconstrictor, major isoform
B. ETA2 - does not exist
C. ETB1 - vasodilation, induces NO formation CORRECT
D. ETB2 - vasoconstrictor

Question 18

Serotonin and melatonin are derived from
A. Tryptophan
B. Tyrosine
C. Arginine

Answer 18

A. Tryptophan

Question 19

If one is blind this hormone level is always high because there is no circadian rhythm
A. Serotonin
B. Endothelin
C. Melatonin

Answer 19

C. Melatonin

Question 20

Stimulates aldosterone secretion
A. Serotonin
B. Melatonin
C. Erythropoietin

Answer 20

A. Serotonin

Question 21

Which hormone/s bind/s to cytokine receptors
A. Eicosanoids and NO
B. Endothelin
C. Ghrelin and eicosanoids
D. Serotonin and melatonin
E. Leptin and erythropoietin

Answer 21

E. Leptin and erythropoietin

Question 22

Only stimulus that controls melatonin secretion

Answer 22

Light

Question 23

Probable oxygen sensor for erythropoietin

Answer 23

Heme protein

Question 24

Which state is the sensor ON A. oxygenated B. Deoxygenated

Answer 24

A. oxygenated - ON: O2 binds to Heme protein, decreased EPO production B. Deoxygenated - OFF, less O2 binds to heme protein, increased EPO production

Question 25

``` EPO synthesis is stimulated by A. Polycythemia B. Iron C. Calcium D. Hypoxemia ```

Answer 25

D. Hypoxemia

Question 26

Biologically active metabolites derived from arachidonic acid are called __

Answer 26

Eicosanoids

Question 27

Importance of eicosanoids

Answer 27

Important in mediating paraxrine and autocrine effects of inflammation

Question 28

Enumerate major classes of eicosanoids

Answer 28

Prostaglandins Prostacyclins Thromboxanes Leukotrienes

Question 29

The enzyme actived by GPCR which releases arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids

Answer 29

PLA2

Question 30

Thromboxanes mediate these effects

Answer 30

Platelet aggregation | Vasoconstriction of small blood vessels

Question 31

Prostacyclins have these effects

Answer 31

Inhibit platelet aggregation | Vasodilation

Question 32

Also known as the cytochrome p450 pathway in synthesis of eicosanoids

Answer 32

Epoxygenase pathway

Question 33

Product of epoxygenase pathway that is responsible tor cell proliferation and causes the release if intracellular calcium stores

Answer 33

HETE (hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid)

Question 34

Degrades PG and TX

Answer 34

15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase

Question 35

Receptor for leptin

Answer 35

Cytokine receptor

Question 36

Leptin is produced when there is a (lower or higher) quantity of fat

Answer 36

Higher. Tells the body to stop eating or gaining more fat.

Question 37

Orexigenic hormone that stimulates hunger jn the brain

Answer 37

NPY or neuropeptide Y

Question 38

Anorexigenic hormone that decreases food intake

Answer 38

a-MSH or alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 39

The neurons in the __ of the hypothalamus regulate appetite and energy expenditure

Answer 39

Arcuate nucleus

Question 40

Type of neuron in te arcuate nucleus which release a-MSH, decreasing food intake and increasing energy expensiture

Answer 40

POMC neurons

Question 41

Tyoe of neuron in the arcuate nucleus which release ARGP and NPY, increasing food intake and reducing energy expenditure

Answer 41

AGRP-NPY neurons

Question 42

Hormone which activates (+) AGRP-NPY neurons and stimulates food intake

Answer 42

Ghrelin

Question 43

Hormone which inhibits (-) AGRP-NPY neurons and stimulates (+) POMC-CART neurons, thereby reducing food intake

Answer 43

Leptin

Question 44

Nitric oxide is synthesized from

Answer 44

Arginine

Question 45

Mechanism of action of nitric oxide: activates enzyme __ in the cytoplasm

Answer 45

Guanylyl cyclase

Question 46

Is a vasoactive substance produced by the endothelium which is a potent vasoconstrictor agent in damaged blood vessels

Answer 46

Endothelin

Question 47

The most important endothelin in regulating tone if vascular smooth muscle

Answer 47

Endothelin 1 (ET1)

Question 48

When outside environment is dark, this hormone induces sleep, lowers body temp, and lowers metabolic rate

Answer 48

Melatonin

Question 49

Primary stimulus for secretion of erythropoeitin

Answer 49

Decreased oxygen delivery

Question 50

Type of receptor for EPO

Answer 50

Cytokine receptor