5.8 Female Reproductive Physiology

Question 0

A class 4 follicle requires how many days to grow and develop to the preovulatory stage

Answer 0

About 50 days

Question 1

Atresia is common in what period of follicle development

Answer 1

Antral period

Question 2

Primordial, primary, and secondary follicles are classified as

Answer 2

Preantral follicles

Question 3

Dominant follicle of the cycle appears to be selected from what class of follicles

Answer 3

Class 5 follicles

Note: requires about 20 days to develop to the ovulatory stage

Question 4

Recruitment occurs even before ______

Answer 4

Onset of the present menstrual cycle

Question 5

What does the theca cell lack that’s the reason why it cant convert androsetenedione to eastradiol

Answer 5

Aromatase

Question 6

Converts cgolesterol to pregnenolone

Answer 6

P450 scc

Question 7

Major product of follicle in follicular phase

Answer 7

Estradiol

Question 8

Major product of corpus luteum during luteal phase

Answer 8

Progesterone

Question 9

A small primary oocyte arrested in the diplotene stage of meiosis

Answer 9

Primordial follicle

Question 10

What provides nutrition to growing oocytes

Answer 10

Granulosa cells

Question 11

T/F Primordial follicle has an independent blood supply

Answer 11

False- DOES NOT HAVE an independent blood supply

Question 12

Most number of primordial follicles are seen during

Answer 12

Midgestation

Question 13

As a woman ages, primordial follicles ______ in number

Answer 13

Decrease

Question 14

Primordial follicles —>

Answer 14

Primary follicles

Question 15

Transition hallmark of primordial follicle to primary follicle

Answer 15

1. From squamous to cuboidal

2. Acquisition of mitotic potential in the granulosa cells

Question 16

Functional unit of the ovary

Answer 16

Ovarian follicle

Question 17

When the antrums are produced, the follicles become dependent on __

Answer 17

Gonadotropins

Question 18

During this period of folliculogenesis, FSH receptor expression occur

Answer 18

Primary follicle

Question 19

The major product of theca cells

Answer 19

Androstenedione

Question 20

Key regulator of steroidogenesis

Answer 20

LH

Question 21

Hormones present during Follicular Phase

Answer 21

Estrogen

LH (at late stage)

Question 22

Hormones present during Luteal Phase

Answer 22

Estrogen and Progesterone

Question 23

Normal menstrual cycle

Answer 23

28 day cycle

Question 24

Maintain a normal ovarian reserve by promoting the general health of the ovary

Answer 24

Pituitary gonadotropins

Question 25

T/F rate at which resting primordial follicles enter the growth process appears to be independent of pituitary gonadotropins

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The decision of resting follicles to enter the early growth phase is primarily dependent on ________

Answer 26

Intraovarian paracrine factors

Question 27

Stimulator of FSH receptor expression include

Answer 27

FSH, activin, cAMP, TGF-beta

Question 28

Develops its surrounding zona pellucida (extracellular matrix)

Answer 28

Primary Follicle

Question 29

Structure penetrated by the sperm during fertilization

Answer 29

Zona pellucida

Question 30

T/F Zona pellucida is specie-specific

Answer 30

True

Question 31

When a secondary follicle acquires 3-6 layers of granulosa cells, it secretes ________ that induce _________ to differentiate into __________

Answer 31

1. Paracrine factors 2. Nearby Stroma Cells 3. Epitheloid Theca Cells

Question 32

Formation of thecal layer

Answer 32

Mature Preantral Follicle

Question 33

T/F As follicles develop they move outward

Answer 33

False- move inward

Question 34

Thecal cells are analogous to

Answer 34

Testicular Leydig cells

Question 35

Function of thecal cells

Answer 35

1. Express LH receptors | 2. produce androgens

Question 36

T/F Thecal cells express high levels of 17 beta-HSD

Answer 36

False- DO NOT express high levels of 17 beta-HSD

Question 37

Characteristics of a dominant follicle

Answer 37

1. Secretes highest amount of estrogen 2. Most sensitive to FSH 3. Greatest number of receptors 4. Greatest mitotic activity and number of granulosa cells 5. More vascularized Theca cells

Question 38

Theca Cells : ________ | Leydig Cells : Testosterone

Answer 38

Androstenedione - major product of Theca cells

Question 39

Although the they have the potential to produce hormones, ovarian follicles do not secrete ovarian hormones at this stage

Answer 39

Secondary follicular stage

Question 40

In Antral Follicular Phase, what is the function of FSH

Answer 40

Growth of oocytes Stimulate proliferation of granulosa cells Induce expression of aromatase for the synthesis of estrogen

Question 41

It takes ____ days for a primordial follicle to develop into a dominant follicle

Answer 41

85

Question 42

In regulation of GnRH, what are the hormones for short feedback

Answer 42

FSH and LH

Question 43

Hormones involved in ovulation the their levels

Answer 43

Decreased LH, Decreased Estrogen, Increased Progesterone

Question 44

Phase and specific pattern of GnRH secretion needed for LH surge

Answer 44

Late Follicular Phase - highest frequency

Question 45

FSH release is _______ than LH release during puberty and menopause

Answer 45

Greater

Question 46

Preferential inhibition of FSH release during reproductive years is due to

Answer 46

Increased levels of estradiol and inhibin