6.1 General Senses

Question 0

3 Physiologic types of tactile sensation

Answer 0

Mechanoreceptive
Thermoreceptive
Nociceptive

Question 1

T/F In general senses, there is a specific, specialized organ or structure for detecting stimuli

Answer 1

False- NO Specific organ

Question 2

3 classifications of tactile sensation based on location

Answer 2

Exteroreceptive
Proprioceptive
Deep

Question 3

What classifications of tactile sensation based on location is from body surface

Answer 3

Exteroreceptive

Question 4

Define proprioceptive

Answer 4

Position senses
Pressure senses from feet
Equilibrium

Question 5

Classification of tactile senses based on information carried

Answer 5

1. Pain and temperature

2. Fine discriminatory touch

Question 6

Stimulation of receptors in skin or tissue directly beneath the skin

Answer 6

Touch

Question 7

Tactile sensation where there is deformation of the skin

Answer 7

Pressure

Question 8

Tactile sensation where there is rapid repetitive signal

Answer 8

Vibration

Question 9

T/F Touch, pressure, vibration are detected by the same type of receptors

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Tactile receptor that is widely distributed and detects touch and pressure

Answer 10

Free nerve endings

Question 11

Free nerve ending : touch and pressure

________________ : vibration and deep pressure

Answer 11

Pacinian corpuscle

Question 12

Specialized mechanoreceptors sensitive to movement of objects over skin

Answer 12

Meissner’s corpuscle

Question 13

Meissner’s corpuscle : encapsulated by dendrites

Pacinian corpuscle : _______________

Answer 13

encapsulated by lamellae

Question 14

Sensation for Ruffini’s endings

Answer 14

Continuous deformation

Question 15

Describe adaption of different tactile receptors

Answer 15

Hair-end organ- rapidly adapting
Meissner's corpuscle- fast adapting
Pacinian corpuscle- rapidly adapting
Merkel's disc- slow adapting (initially strong then adapting weaker signal)
Ruffini's endings- slow adapting

Question 16

2 types of summation

Answer 16

1. Spatial summation

2. Temporal summation

Question 17

Summation wherein increasing signal strength is transmitted by using progressively greater number of fibers

Answer 17

Spatial summation

Question 18

Increase in stimulus -> __(1)__ nerve fibers stimulated -> ___(2)___ sensation felt

Answer 18

1. More

2. Stronger

Question 19

Summation wherein increasing the frequency of nerve impulses in each fiber will increase signal intensity

Answer 19

Temporal summation

Question 20

As the impulse increases -> ______ signal is felt

Answer 20

Stronger

Note: as impulses are sent more rapidly, the strength of the stimulus is perceived to be higher

Question 21

Spatial : stimulus

Temporal : _______

Answer 21

Impulse

Question 22

Accumulation of neurons

Answer 22

Neuronal pool

Question 23

Stimuli below the threshold for excitation

Answer 23

Subthreshold stimuli

Question 24

Stimuli above the threshold required for excitation

Answer 24

Suprathreshold stimuli

Question 25

The stimulation is over but the signal persists

Answer 25

Afterdischarge Note: rhythmical signals like breathing

Question 26

Classify according to adaptation response and receptive field: MEISSNER

Answer 26

F1 (fast adapting type 1)

Question 27

Classify according to adaptation response and receptive field: PACINIAN

Answer 27

F2 (fast adapting type 2)

Question 28

Classify according to adaptation response and receptive field: MERKEL

Answer 28

S1 (slow adapting type 1)

Question 29

Classify according to adaptation response and receptive field: RUFFINI

Answer 29

S2 (slow adapting type 2)

Question 30

T/F receptors are clustered at certain points

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Condition for area to be highly sensitive

Answer 31

Dense innervation + small receptive field

Question 32

General sensory pathway

Answer 32

Receptor -> first order neuron -> spinal cord/brain stem -> second order neuron -> thalamus -> third order neuron -> cortex

Question 33

2 sensory pathway

Answer 33

1. Dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway | 2. Anterolateral system/ spinothalamic tract

Question 34

DCML : medulla | _________ : spinal cord

Answer 34

Anterolater/ Spinothalamic tract

Question 35

Brodmann's area for somatosensory cortex

Answer 35

Brodmann's area 1-3

Question 36

Brodmann's area for somatosensory association areas

Answer 36

Brodmann's area 5,7

Question 37

Loss of ability to recognize complex objects felt on one side

Answer 37

Amorphosynthesis

Question 38

Ability to discern that 2 objects touching the skin are truly 2 distinct points

Answer 38

Two-point discrimination

Question 39

At high levels of stimulation it becomes harder to detect changes in stimulus strength

Answer 39

Weber-Fechner Principle

Question 40

In vibration sense, up to _____cycles/sec can be detected

Answer 40

700

Question 41

Specific cutaneous region supplied by a given dorsal root ganglion

Answer 41

Dermatome

Question 42

Pain receptors are ________

Answer 42

Free nerve endings

Question 43

Agent most responsible for causing pain following tissue damage

Answer 43

Bradykinin