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IMS > Pharmokinetics and Processes > Flashcards

Pharmokinetics and Processes Flashcards

1
Q

What is Xenobiotics?

A

Foreign Compounds with no nutrional value

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2
Q

What happens when a drug goes into your body?

A 
ADME - 
Absorption (into body)
Distribution (to tissues)
Metabolism (chemical breakdown)
Excrete (out of body)
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3
Q

What does Absorption, Distribution and Metabolism depend on?

A

Route of Administration and Physico-Chemical properties of a drug

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4
Q

List some Physico-chemical properties of drugs?

A

Drug structure, Molecular weight, Polarity, Ionisation

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5
Q

What drug Chemical Properties can affect Drug Absorption?

A

Structure, Molecular weight, Liphopilicty, Ionisation

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6
Q

What Physiological Variables can affect Drug Absorption?

A

PH, Surface area of membrane, Mesenteric blood flow, Gastric Emptying, Food and Efflux Transporters

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7
Q

What is Bioavailbility (F) ?

A

Percentage of administered dose reaching systematic circulation as an unchanged drug (not as metabolites)

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8
Q

What is Bioavailibilty governed by?

A

Absorption and First Pass Metabolism

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9
Q

What are the 3 methods of Drug Elimination?

A
  1. Renal Excretion ( Urine, Faeces, Saliva)
  2. Liver Metabolism
  3. Chemical Transformation (excretion)
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10
Q

2 compounds are not metabolised and are cleared by what in the kidney?

A

Glomerular Filtration

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11
Q

What are the 3 pathways of drug metabolism?

A

Phase I - Functionalisation Reactions
Phase II - Conjugation Reactions
Phase III - Formation of Xenobiotics (Macromolecule adducts)

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12
Q

What are the 3 Major Chemical Reactions?

A
  1. Oxidation
  2. Reduction
  3. Hydrolysis
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13
Q

What happens between Phase I and Phase II of drug Metabolites?

A

Addition of Polar Group
Catalysed by Transferases
Cofactor Donor

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14
Q

List some Properties of Drug-Metabolising Enzymes?

A

Low Substrate/Reaction Specifity
Low Catalytic Rates (may present in high concentrations)
Substrates usually Lipophilic
Enzymes Inducible

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15
Q

What 2 Sub-Compartments in the Liver does Drug Metabolism occur?

A
  1. Endoplasmic Reticulum (cell disruption breaks into small microsomes)
  2. Cytosol
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16
Q

List some Microsomal Enzymes?

A

Cytochrome P450
Flavin Monooxygenase (FOMO)
Glucoronysl Transferase
Epoxide Hydrolase

17
Q

List some Cytosolic Enzymes?

A 
Aldehyde Oxidase
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Glutathione Transferase
SulphoTransferase
18
Q

List some Mitochondrial Enzymes?

A

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

Monoamine Oxidase

19
Q

List some Inter-Individual factors?

A

Species, Sex, Genetics

20
Q

List some Intra-Individual factors?

A

Age, Pregnancy, Stress, Disease, Nutrition, Enzyme

IMS (53 decks)

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