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IMS > Introduction to Male and Female Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

Introduction to Male and Female Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

When does Testicular descent happen?

A

During gestational development in humans

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2
Q

Where is Sperm produced?

A

Testis

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3
Q

Where is Sperm stored?

A

Epididymas

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4
Q

Where is the Testis located?

A

Testis anchored anteriorly by diaphragmatic ligament and posteriorly by Gubernaculum testis

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5
Q

What happens during Testicular descent in Pregnancy?

A

Body grows, Gubernaculum shrinks, diaphragmatic ligament degenerates and descent through inguinal canal

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6
Q

What is Cryptorchidism?

A

Absence of one or both testes in the scrotum

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7
Q

What is the Penis composed of? (anatomy)

A

Root, Shaft, Neck, Head and Urethra runs through into open ducts

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8
Q

What does the Shaft contain?

A

Corpus Cavernosum and Corpus Spongiosum which are erectile tissues

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9
Q

What does the Base contain?

A

Attached below pubic symphysis, crura of corpora attached via ligament to bone

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10
Q

What does the Head contain?

A

Prepuce, Glans penis and external meatus

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11
Q

How does an Erection occur?

A

Arterial dilation increases blood flow into corpora cavernosa, the turgot reduces venous blood flow by constriction

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12
Q

What and Where is the Bulbourethral glands? (cowpers)

A

Base of penis, secrete alkaline mucus to lubricate and neutralise urinary acids

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13
Q

Where are the Preputial glands?

A

Waxy secretion (smegma) between prepuce and glans

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14
Q

Describe the Testes?

A

-Paired and oval structure, 18ml of sperm

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15
Q

What is the Thick wall of the Testes called?

A

Tunica Albuginea, encloses cavity divided by septa and each contain coiled seminiferous tubules

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16
Q

Describe function of Seminiferous tubules?

A

Empty sperm in chamber towards the efferent ducts and stores in the epididymis

17
Q

What does the Epididymis contain?

A

Caput, Corpus, Cauda which are involved with sperm maturation

18
Q

What is process of Sperm Ejaculation?

A

Sperm leaves epididymis via ductus deferens through the prostate gland and seminal vesicles (semen produced here) and empty into urethra

19
Q

What is the Prostate gland dependant on?

A

Androgen hormone - hormone therapy for prostate cancer

20
Q

Describe the Extra-tubular histology?

A

Interstitial cells, leydig cells, macrophages and blood vessels surround the testes

21
Q

Describe Tubular histology of Testes?

A

Peritubular cells, Fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

22
Q

Describe Intra-tubular histology?

A

Spermatogonia (outside blood testis barrier), Sertoli cells (somatic) , spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatoza

23
Q

Describe Sertoli cells?

A

Attached to base of tubule, s’ogonia lie beneath, have tight junctions between s.cell for the blood-testis barrier

24
Q

What does immature Spermatozoa do?

A

Shed into lumen, peristaltic action moves sperm towards testis

25
Q

What does female Reproductive system consist of?

A 
Vulva (labia minor majora clitoris)
Vagina (hymen)
Cervix (inter exter os)
Uterus
Oviducts/Fallopian tube
26
Q

Describe Structure of Ovary?

A

Contains folliculogenesis, Germinal epithelium,Tunica albuginea, Ovarian cortex and medulla

27
Q

Describe Oogeneis?

A

All germ cells, mitotic activity occurs during foetal life, at completion of mitoses cells enter meiosis but are arrested at diplotene towards germinal vesicle

28
Q

What happens to dictyate germ cells?

A

Die by apoptosis in last trimester

29
Q

When can you tell the Gender of foetus in pregnancy?

A

By first ovulation when first menses occur - menarche

30
Q

What is the growth of secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Breasts and genitalia

Pubic and Axially hair

31
Q

Where is the female characteristics derived from?

A

Ovary by oestrogen cells

32
Q

Where is the male characteristics derived from?

A

Adrenal by androgen hormones

33
Q

When does puberty occur?

A

Age depends on genetics, enviromental and nutritional factors

IMS (53 decks)

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