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IMS > The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

The Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 Parts of the Circulatory system?

A

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

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2
Q

What is Lymphatic system?

A

Similiar to CV but forms basis of Immune System

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3
Q

What are the 3 Components of the Lymphatic System?

A
  1. Extensive network of Capillaries and collecting Vessels
  2. Lymph Nodes
  3. Lymphoid Organs
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4
Q

How is Interstitial Fluid formed?

A

More Fluid with plasma proteins leaving Capillaries than entering it, the fluid accumulates in Intercellular Spaces

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5
Q

What can the build up of Plasma Proteins lead to?

A

Oedema

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6
Q

What happens to Plasma Proteins when they cant re-enter capillaries?

A

Enter Lymphatic Vessels

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7
Q

What type of System is Lymph whilst flowing to the heart?

A

One-way system, begins in tiny lymph capillaries

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8
Q

What type of Lymphatic Vessels are they?

A

Capillary -> Collecting Vessel -> Trunk -> Duct

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9
Q

How does fluid get into Interstitial Space?

A

Hydrostatic and Osmotic pressures at arterial ends of capillary beds force it toward venous end

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10
Q

What happens to the 3L/day Institial Fluid leaked and not absorbed by the capillaries?

A

They need to return to the blood

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11
Q

Where does Lymph Transport begin and what are the exceptions?

A

Lymph Capillaries and Bone, Bone Marrow, Teeth, CNS

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12
Q

What is the Lymph Capillaries?

A

Similiar to Blood Capillaries but V. Permeable

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13
Q

What are the 2 Structural Modifications of the Lymph Capillaries?

A
  1. Endothelial cells looseley overlap to create MINI-VALVES
  2. Endothelial cells Anchored to Surrounding structures by fine filaments, expose gaps in capillary wall but close to avoid leakage
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14
Q

What happens when the tissue becomes inflamed?

A

The Lymph Capillaries take up large particles e.g Debris, Pathogen, Cells

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15
Q

What filters and examines the particles?

A

Lymph Nodes

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16
Q

What are Lacteals? describe them?

A

Highly Specialised Lymph Capillaries in Villi of Intestinal Mucosa
Lymph is milky white due to carrying digested intestinal fats called CHYLE

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17
Q

Describe Collecting Vessels?

A

3 tunics like Veins which are/have

thin-walled, more internal valves, anastomising

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18
Q

Where do larger Lymphatic Vessels recieve Blood supply from?

A

Vaso Vasorum

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19
Q

What do the Lymphatic Collecting Vessels and Lymphatics travel with?

A

Collecting Vessels with Superficial Veins

Deep Lymphatics travel with Deep Arteries

20
Q

What does Lymphatic Trunks do?

A

Drain large areas of the body, named after the area they drain lymph from i.e Lumbar, Subclavian

21
Q

What are the 2 Types of Lymphatic Ducts?

A
  1. Right Lymphatic Ducts - drains lymph from right upper arm, right side of head, thorax
  2. Thoracic Duct - Larger arises from CISTERNA CHYLI, drains rest of body
22
Q

How do the Lymphatic Ducts work?

A

Each Ducts empties Lymph into Venous Circulation at junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins

23
Q

What is the Mechanism of Lymph Transport?

A

Pump-less so slow moving, same as veins i.e

milk actions of muscles, use of valves, rhythmic contractions of smooth muscles and breathing-induced pressure change

24
Q

What is Lymphoid Tissue?

A

Loose Connective tissue (important for immune tissue) in all L. organs except Thymus
Macrophages live on fibres and Lymphocytes reside in spaces temporarily

25
Q

What 2 ways are Lymphoid Tissues ‘Packaged’?

A
  1. Diffuse - in most body organs inc Mucous membranes and Lymphoid organs
  2. Follicles/Nodules - Solid, Tight Packed with Germinal centres containing B Cells e.g in Lymph nodes
26
Q

How do Lymph Nodes work?

A

Lymph filtered through LN that cluster along lymphatic vessels of the body, provides protective function via Phagocytes and activate immune system

27
Q

Where are the Lymph Nodes?

A

They cluster where lymphatic vessels converge to form trunks e.g inlingual, axillary

28
Q

What do Lymph Nodes look like?

A

small bean-shaped organs, contain fibrous capsule from which connective tissue (trabeculae) form, emerge and divide into nodes
Provides support to residing L cells
2 regions, outer cortex - inner medulla

29
Q

What does the Lymph Node Cortex Region look like?

A

densely packed follicles with germinal centres, dendritic cells wrap around follicles to seperate from T-Cell interspaces (for immune surveillance)

30
Q

What does Lymph Node Medulla Region look like?

A

Contains Cords inward extensions of the cortex which contains L’s and Plasma Cells

31
Q

What are Lymph Sinuses?

A

Spanned by reticular fibres, enter nodes and phagocytose materials

32
Q

How does Lymph enter Afferent Lymphatic Vessels?

A

on Convex side, moves through large subscapular sinus into smaller sinuses through to the medulla

33
Q

How does Lymph leave Efferent Lymphatic Vessels?

A

At Hilus, causes Lymph stagnation, passesseveral nodes before its cleaned

34
Q

Describe the Lymphoid organ the Spleen?

A

Largest, soft rich-blood organ, fist size on left abdomen, served by large splenic artery and s.vein that enter hilus on concave side

35
Q

What are the Functions of the Spleen?

A

Immune serveillance, Cleans blood, Store RBC, Store Platelets, Site of RBC production
Thin capsule with trabeculae

36
Q

What are the 2 Distinct Regions of the Spleen?

A
  1. Areas of L on reticular fibres - white pulp and forms ‘cuffs’ around arteries
  2. Areas of red cells, venous sinus, splenic cord and red pulp
37
Q

Describe the Lymphoid organ the Thymus?

A

Bilobular organ in lower neck, prominent in newborns (turns into fatty tissue with age) , secretes thymosin

38
Q

Describe the Thymus Structure?

A

Compare to cauliflower head, florets the thymic lobules with outer cortex (dark-stain - rapid divide) and inner medulla (light stain- fewer L’s)

39
Q

What does the Light-Staining Medulla of thymus contain?

A

Hassals or Thymic Corpuscle - Responsible for conversion of self-reactive T-Lymphocytes

40
Q

In what 2 Ways does the Thymus differ from other L organs?

A
  1. Functions only in T-cell maturation, doesnt fight antigents directly Blood-thymus-Barrier
  2. Stroma (framework) has star shaped endothelial cells, secrets hormones
41
Q

Describe the Lymphoid organ the Tonsils?

A

smallest, ring of tissue around entrance to throat

Gather and remove pathogens entering in

42
Q

What are the 4 Types of Tonsils?

A

Named by location;

  1. Palatine - larger located at either side of oral cavity (often infected)
  2. Lingual (base of tongue)
  3. Pharyngeal (adenoids - posterior walls of nasopharynx)
  4. Tubal (surrounding of auditory tubes)
43
Q

What does the Tonsils contain?

A

nodules with germinal centres
Exterior surface- squamous epithelium deep into tonsils to from CRYPTS that trap bacteria (killed in L tissue- memory immune cells)

44
Q

What is Peyers Patches?

A

Large isolated cluster of nodules (similiar to tonsils) -located in wall of ileum

45
Q

What is Appendix?

A

Cluster of Nodules

46
Q

What does Peyers Patches and Appendix do?

A

Destroy bacteria, Generate memory for immunity, MALT for resp and digestive tract protection

IMS (53 decks)

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