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IMS > Receptors and Cell Signalling > Flashcards

Receptors and Cell Signalling Flashcards

1
Q

What are Type 1 receptors?

A

Fast neurotransmission directly coupled to an ion channel - ionotropic

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2
Q

What are Type 2 receptors?

A

Signal via G protein pathways - metabotropic

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3
Q

What are Type 3 receptors?

A

Signal via enzyme-linked cell surface receptors

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4
Q

What are Type 4 Receptors?

A

Located in special regions of DNA - promote gene upregulation

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5
Q

What are examples of ?

A

GABA, ACh, 5-HT

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6
Q

What is a typical Type 1 receptor?

A

Nicotonic ACh receptor - 5 membranes with subunits 2a, b, gamma, positro

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7
Q

How does ACh depolarise the cell?

A

2 ACh molecules bind to the 2 alpha units opening ligand gated NA ion channel

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8
Q

What is Intracellular signalling

A

Binding of a ligand with a receptor activates enzyme cascade inducing cellular response

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9
Q

What do receptors do?

A

Provide means of selectively transmitting extracellular signals across the cell membrane enabling cells to respond to stimuli

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10
Q

What are some examples of cellular responses?

A

Opening ion channels, increased secretion, cell motility

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11
Q

What are 2 pathways of Intracellular signalling?

A

Type 2 g protein or Enzyme receptor type 3 pathway

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12
Q

What do G protein coupled receptors contain?

A

Single polypeptide chain forming 7 transmembrane a helices with n-terminus and carboxy terminus

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13
Q

How does G-protein couple to receptors?

A

Ligand binds to a helices in the membrane the 3rd loop of receptor couples to G proteins

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14
Q

What are G proteins?

A

Highly mobile proteins in the membrane with 3 subunits of a b and gamma

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15
Q

What does the alpha subunit of gproteins function as ?

A

GTPase converting GTP to GDP

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16
Q

What does the B and gamma subunits function as?

A

Form a complex very hydrophobic and stay close to membrane, when inactivated GDP binds to a subunit

17
Q

What are the 3 Stages of G Protein activation?

A

Binding to ligand receptor
A coupled to GTP to target adenylate cyclase
The A hydrolyses GTP into GDP

18
Q

How can G-protein mechanisms amplify signals?

A

a single receptor can activate several g proteins

19
Q

What are main targets for G proteins?

A

Adenylate cyclase - cAMP
Guanylate cyclase cGMP
Phosphilpase
Regulate ion channe;s

20
Q

What does Activated andenylate cyclase convert ATP into?

A

cAMP

21
Q

What does cAMP do?

A

Function as secondary messenger, specifically targets inactive protein kinases activating them

22
Q

How is cAMP inactivated?

A

By hydrolysis of phosphodiesterase, inhibited by drugs such as caffeine

23
Q

What is an example of cAMP role?

A

B adrenoreceptors activated breakdown of glycogen

24
Q

What is the Phospoinositide system based on?

A

Membrane phospholipid 4,5 and diphosphate

25
Q

What does PIP2 do?

A

Acts as substrate for membrane bound enzyme DAG and InsP3 (secondary messengers)

26
Q

What dies DAG result in?

A

Protein kinase C activation

27
Q

What does Insp3 do?

A

Promotes calcium release from intracellular stores

28
Q

Why is Calcium release in the cytosol important?

A

Muscle contraction, Control of secretion from exocrine glands, Hormones release

29
Q

What does DAG activate?

A

PKC

30
Q

What does PKC do?

A

Muscle contraction, inflammatory response, increase neurotransmitter release

31
Q

What does the Production of Cyclic GMP from ligand do?

A

Bind to G-kinase acting as secondary messenger

32
Q

What is an example of guanylyl cyclase receptor?

A

Atrial natiriureitc peptide

33
Q

What are the 4 variants of Type 3 Receptors?

A 
Receptor
Tyrosine kinases
Linked tyrosine kinases
Tyrosine phosphatases
Serine kinases
34
Q

What do Type 4 DNA receptors do?

A

Wraps around DNA to form target for steroid hormones

35
Q

What does steroid binding to DNA sequence do?

A

Increase RNA polymerase activity and gene transcription

IMS (53 decks)

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