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IMS > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Stages of Fertilization?

A 
ZCMBGO
Zygote
Cleavage
Morula
Blastocyst
Gastrulation
Organogenesis
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2
Q

What is a Zygote?

A

Fertilized egg - has unequal distribution of some cellular products i.e leptin

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3
Q

What happens during Cleavage?

A

The cell divides into blastomeres and becomes 2 cells, this is a rotational cleavage resulting in 8 cells

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4
Q

How is the Morula formed?

A

Flattening of blastomeres maximises cell contracts and forms tight junctions, at this point it is a 16-cell

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5
Q

What Happens to the cell on day 5?

A

This becomes a blastocyst which is 32+ cells

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6
Q

What happens to the Cell on day 7?

A

The Zona Pallucida sheds, trophoblasts are cells gathering on the edge of cell to create cavity

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7
Q

What happens to external polarised cells?

A

Trophectoderm formed

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8
Q

What happens to Internal non-polar cells?

A

Inner Cell Mass created

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9
Q

What does the formation of Blastocoel lead to?

A

Hatching

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10
Q

What does the Trophectoderm lead to?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast which spreads around blastocyst

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11
Q

What does the Inner cell Mass divide into?

A

Epiblast and Hypoblast

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12
Q

What does Epiblast create?

A

Leads to embryo Amniocytes which secrete fluid leading to Amnion

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13
Q

What does Hypoblast create?

A

Lines the Blastocoel which forms the Yolk sac

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14
Q

What does the Ectoderm help form?

A

Epidermis, Nervous system and pigment cells

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15
Q

What does the Mesoderm help form?

A

Kidney, Gonads, Bones, Muscle, Heart and Blood Cells

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16
Q

What does the Endoderm help to form?

A

Lines the Gut, Respiratory System

17
Q

What is meant by Pattern Formation?

A

Process by which a spatial and temporal pattern of cell activites is organised within the embryo i.e Axis Specification
Co-ordinations variety of cellular mechanisms

18
Q

What is meant by Induction?

A

Production of signals that bring about response in target cells

19
Q

What is Morphogenesis?

A

Achievement of developmental diversity by formation of different structures from the same initial structure i.e gastrulation

20
Q

What does Juxtacrine/Paracrine signalling lead to?

A

Yes/no response, can be variable by modulation

21
Q

What is Morphogen?

A

Signalling molecule that forms an extracellular concentration gradient

22
Q

What must responding cells do?

A

Be competent to respond
detect inducing agent
quantify level of inducing agent

IMS (53 decks)

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