NBME 18 Flashcards
chronic gastritis
mucosal inflammation often leading to atrophy (hypochlorhydria –> hypergastrinemia) and intestinal metaplasia
reovirus
naked DS linear RNA segmental icosahedral, wheal shaped #1 cause fatal diarrhea in kiddos
vibrio vulnificus
gram - motile bacteria lactose postitive vibrio blistering dermatitis (often mistaken for pemphigus) associated with salt water and seafood can cause the blister
give more Calcium than pt needs
It is converted to 24-25 Vit D
pseudocholinesterase deficiency
paralysis that lasts hours after giving succinylcholine (breaks down ACh more slowly)
increased hydrostatic pressure in BOWMAN space with increased creatinine
BPH pushing backwards
DKA abg
decreased bicarb
anion gap metabolic acidosis
decreased CO2 (kussmaul)
EVERYTHING DECREASED
increased 17 hydroxyprogesterone
21 hydroxylase deficiency
cannot give ciprofloxacin with what?
calcium carbonate (cannot take fluoroquinolone with antacids)
statins mechansim and downstream effects
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors…cause an increase in transcription of HMG-CoA reductase Also cause a decrease in mevalonic acid
low kidney perfusion, what happens to Renin, Aldo, TPR
These ALL go up (tricks kidney into thinking that you are hypovolemic). Will end up increasing ANG II, which increases TPR
This is counterintuitive for the TPR because this process could occur in a normal individual with renal artery stenosis. The kidney thinks whole body BP is low because of decreased flow to the kidney
most important component of surfactant
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, the most important component of Lecithin (the one that rises at 28 weeks gestation)
what is heme made from
succinyl coA + glyceine with B6 as cofactor
acid base of vomiting
alkaline high bicarb low K
vomit up HCl, so become alkalinic. Would then have high bicarb, and a LOW K
what runs through cavernous sinus
3,4,5(V1,V2),6
6 is the closest to the internal carotid and would be affected most by a lesion there (lateral rectus muscle)
