Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology II > Chapter 37 > Flashcards

Chapter 37 Flashcards

1
Q

What is unique about the respiratory tract?

A

-it is a continuation of the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Dalton’s law?

A

-each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure as if no other gases were present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you calculate the partial pressure of a gas?

A

-by the concentration of the gas to the mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the partial pressures of the atmospheric gases?

A
  • Nitrogen: 78% or 590mmHg
  • Oxygen: 21% or 160mmHg
  • Carbon Dioxide: .04% or .3mmHg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Henry’s law?

A

-the quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid (blood) is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility coefficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does partial pressure of a gas relate to partial pressure of a liquid?

A

-the higher the partial pressure, the more gas that will dissolve in the liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the bends relate to Henry’s law?

A

-the pressure is much greater under water so more gas (nitrogen) is dissolved into the blood which then travels to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is external respiration?

A
  • respiration in the lungs
  • oxygen from alveoli into the blood
  • carbon dioxide from blood into the alveolie
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is internal respiration?

A
  • respiration in the tissues
  • oxygen from blood to tissues
  • carbon dioxide from tissues to blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in an alveolus?

A

-100mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the partial pressure of oxygen in the pulmonary capillary change as it surrounds the alveolus?

A

-the oxygen in the capillary goes from 40mmHg to 100mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in an alveolus?

A

-40mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the partial pressure of carbon dioxide change as the pulmonary capillary surrounds the alveolus?

A

-the carbon dioxide in the capillary goes from 46mmHg to 40mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in tissue?

A

-40mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the partial pressure of oxygen change as a systemic capillary enters the tissue?

A

-the oxygen in the tissue goes from 40mmHg to 100mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in tissue?

A

-46mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the partial pressure of carbon dioxide change as a systemic capillary enters the tissue?

A

-the carbon dioxide in the tissue goes from 46mmHg to 40mmHg

18
Q

What influences the rate of gas exchange in external respiration?

A
  • partial pressure difference of gases
  • surface area available for gas exchange
  • diffusion distance
  • molecular weight and solubility of gases
19
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

-a protein structure in red blood cells that carries oxygen

20
Q

What is the structure of a hemoglobin?

A
  • 4 polypeptide chains

- 4 iron-containing heme groups

21
Q

How many oxygen molecules can bind to one hemoglobin?

A

-4

22
Q

Where does oxygen bind to?

A

-iron-containing heme group

23
Q

Where does carbon dioxide bind to?

A

-the polypeptide chain

24
Q

How much oxygen dissolves in the plasma?

A

-1.5%

25
Q

How much oxygen binds/associates with hemoglobin?

A

-98.5%

26
Q

What is percent saturation?

A

-how many oxygen molecules are carried in a certain solution

27
Q

What is hemoglobin saturation do?

A

-increases percent saturation of oxygen

28
Q

What influences percent saturation?

A
  • partial pressure of oxygen
  • higher pressure = higher hemoglobin saturation
  • lower pressure = lower hemoglobin saturation
29
Q

What else influences oxygen saturation?

A
  • acidity
  • lower pH = lower oxygen saturation; oxygen goes to tissues
  • higher pH = higher oxygen saturation; oxygen remains with hemoglobin
30
Q

What is the Bohr effect?

A

-the shift between high and low pH causing shift in oxygen saturation

31
Q

What does a decreased blood pH cause? What does this mean?

A
  • a decrease in oxygen saturation

- more oxygen will leave hemoglobin to enter the tissues

32
Q

What are three ways that carbon dioxide can be transported?

A
  • dissolved in plasma and transported as a solute (10%)
  • carbamino compounds bound to a hemoglobin (20-25%)
  • bicarbonate (65-70%)
33
Q

What are the percentages of carbon dioxide that are transported in each way?

A
  • dissolved in plasma and transported as a solute (10%)
  • carbamino compounds bound to a hemoglobin (20-25%)
  • bicarbonate (65-70%)
34
Q

What is a carbamino compound?

A

-carbon dioxide will bind with the amino acids of hemoglobin

35
Q

What is a bicarbonate?

A

-carbon dioxide associates with water to make HCO3 and H

36
Q

How does carbon dioxide influence blood pH?

A
  • increasing CO2 increases [H]
  • this increases the acidity
  • which lowers the pH
37
Q

An increase in carbon dioxide would cause what change in pH?

A

-lowering of pH to become more acidic

38
Q

How does carbon dioxide contribute to the Bohr effect?

A
  • more partial pressure of carbon dioxide lowers pH

- this causes more oxygen to go into tissue

39
Q

How does temperature influence oxygen saturation?

A
  • temperature causes a right shift

- increase of temperature increases CO2 which lowerspH

40
Q

An increase in temperature would cause (more/less) oxygen to be delivered to tissues?

A
  • more

- because the blood would become more acidic

Anatomy and Physiology II (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions