Wed Wk 5 Mixed 4 Flashcards
fetal renal pelvis has high __ and can accomodate large amnts of urine
leads to potential hydronephrosis at __ due to kinking
this is last portin of __ to canalize
newborn may have palpable __ mass and enlarged kidney
mcc of bilateral hydonephrosis in boys in __
nonobstructive hydronephrosis may be due to __ reflux
opioid overdose leads M, B, H and dec bowel sounds
GAD is __ worry about multiple issues
may be R and I
difficult __ and fatigue, muscle tension, sleep probs
compliance
Ureteropelvic jxn
ureter
ab
posterior urethral valves
Vesicoureteral
miosis, bradycardia, hypoTN
excessive
restless, irritable
concentration
Dobutamine acts on _/_ receptors inc \_\_/\_\_ Dopamine acts on \_\_/_/_ receptors inc renal/mesenteric blood flow, inc CO/HR and SBP that is counteracted at high doses by \_\_ of A1 receptors Epi acts on _=_/_ receptors inc \_\_/\_\_ via B1 low doses promote dec BP, high doses \_\_ BP NE acts on _=_/_ receptors
E__ is Ache inhib
P__ is alpha 1 agonist
cyanide binds to __ Fe3+ iron to inhibit cytochrome c oxidase
sx include __ skin w tachpynea, HA, NV, severe LA
narrows __ pO2 gradient as no O2 delivered to tissues
tx w inhaled __ to form Ferric iron/methemoglobin
high __ for cyanide limits the toxic effect
also __ and sodium __ are antidotes
B1/B2 HR/CO D1/B1/A1 vasoconstriction B1, B2/A1 HR/CO increase B1=A1, B2
edrophonium
phenylephrine
ferric red venous-arterial amyl nitrate affinity Hydroxycobalamin, thiosulfate
myoglobin has single __ group, thus O2 dissociation curve is hyperbolic
very similar to __ globin chain, w similar curve shape
CF mutation causes protein __ and degredation
tx w L/I to enhance protein fxn
__ is abnormal synchronous discharge of neurons in cerebral cortex
__ partial seizure has lost conciousness w automtism
often have preceding __
Age related MD can be __ w gradual vision loss w difficulty reading/driving
due to __ dmage to renital epithelium w abnormal ECM formation
see __ deposits on exam
or __ AMD w retinal hypoxia
releases __ to cause neovasc and leaky vessels
vision loss is __ w metomorphopsia
exam shows __/__ discoloration w hemorrhage
tx w vitamins __ cessation and anti-VEGF R/B
Hb
single
misfolding
Lumacaftor, ivacaftor
seizure
complex
aura
Dry oxidative drusen wet VEGF acute gray/green smoking ranibizumab, bevacuzimab
_ cystitis has urinary freq, urgency, pelvic pain and ulceration
see __ infiltrates and fibrosis
spotty necrosis w balloon degen and monocyte infiltration is ALWAYS __
Trachea to bronchi to proximal bronchioles to __ bronchioles and RESP bronchioles
ciliated epithelium is present to proximal __
lined w __ cells to secrete surfactant containing fluid
thus, pathogens can be trapped in __ and swept toward pharynx
mucus glands are in __ but not bronchioles
think __ thrombosis w chronic panc, panc cancer, ab tumors
inc pressure in __ veins from blood cot causes GASTRIC varices in fundus
interstitial
inflammatory
terminal
resp bronchioles (cuboidal)
club
mucus
bronchi
splenic vein
short gastric
__ vein drains blood from esophagus to SVC
varices of left gastric vein seen w both __/__ varices
use __/__ for GFR as neither are sec/reabsorbed
use __ for RPF as it is completely excreted/secreted
Clearance is __ x flow rate over plasma conc
__ converts TG into chylomicrons/VLDL to release FFA
Fibrates inc __ and dec hepatic VLDL prodxn w inc LPL activity
this inc __ w dec TG
Omega 3 FA also dec __ prodxn and inhibit apoB incorporation
__ classic sx is difficulty w muscle relaxation
Inherited AD w __ repeat of myotonia protein kinase
also see C/B/__ atrophy
type __ muscle fibers more affected
azygous
gastric/esophageal
Inulin/creatinine
PAH
urine conc
Lipoprotein lipase
PPARa
HDL
VLDL
myotonic dystrophy
CTG
cataract, gonadal, frontal balding
1
cocci is found as __ in nature
spherules w __ in human
culture on __ agar
yeast w thick, double refractory wall is _
intranuclear inclusion w clear halo is always __
estrogen releases __ by OB and dec RANKL
also prevents OB/osteocyte apoptosis via signal related __
__ is cell w 2lobed nuclei and eosinophilic granules
contains __ to kill helminth
_ contain dark blue granules that obscure nucleus
contain H/H and SRSA
__ cells kill virally infected cells
mold ENDOSPORES sabourad blasto CMV
OPG
kinases
eosinophil
MBP
Basophil
heparin, histamine
NK cells
cholesterol removed via __ into bile and conversion to bile acids
Cholesterol becomes BA via __ RLS enzyme
water insoluble, so must be bound to a__ BA (w glycine/taurine) and phosphatidyl choline
if more _ than other 2, stones form
Lithium tox from __ depletion or T__, NSAIDs, __ inhibs and T/M
SE include __ and neuro
chronic tox leads to A w tremors/fasciculations
heart palps/head bounding due to __ LV contractions
due to wide __ of AR
unpasteurized milk may also cause __
excretion
7A hydroxylase
amphipathic
cholesterol
volume
thiazide, ACE, tetraycline, metro
GI
ataxia
forceful
pulse pressure
HUS
lithium antagonizes __ in collecting tubules, thus leading to NDI
Osmotic diuretics work on __/__ LoH
Myeloperoxidase converts _ to HOCl
Eczematous dermatitis w longstanding topical GC use dec __/__ prodxn
leads to dermal __ w drying/cracking/tightening of skin
may have S and T
Korsakoff psychosis seen w __/__ amnesia, apathy, and C
mammillary body in __ circuit part of limbic system in memory/emotion
may also damage __ in hippocampus
ADH
PCT, descending limb
H2O2
Collagen/GAG
atrophy
striae, telangectasias
anterograde/retrograde, confabulation
Papez
fornix
DIVERTICULOSIS HAS __ diverticula
due to high __ causing M/S to herniate through area of weakness
hematochezia due to disrupted __ adjacent
TRACTION DIVERTICULA DUE TO __ and scarring w pulling of all gut wall layers
it is a __ diverticula, seen w mediastinal LAD due to Tb/fungus
VE deficiency predisposes cell membranes to __ injury
neurons w long __ (large SA) and RBC are most affected
thus, look for __ column and __ tract involvement and hemolytic anemia
if social/occupational fxn is not impaired, no __ disorder is present
vitamin C needed for __ of proline/lysine
PULSION
pressure
arterioles
inflammation
true
oxidative
axons
dorsal, spinocerebellar
psych
hydroxylation
hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis seen in congenital __
Chorioretinitis is inflamm of choroids/retina w scars on __
also S and altered muscle tone
only occurs if mother infected in first __m of preg
Infection w __ occurs during delivery
temporary __ in neonate retina upregulates VEGF upon return to room air
leads to neovasc and possible retinal __
retinopathy of prematurity or Retrolental __
T__ is B agonist that delays labor
risk of neonatal __ and hypoGly/Ca and ileus
NOD2 mutation assc w __ dx
encodes microbial __ that recognizes bacteria and activates NfKB
thus, bacteria evade and penetrate w exaggerated response by __ IS and chronic GI inflam
toxo retina seizure 6 HSV
oxygenation
detachment
fibroplasia
terbutaline
IVH
Chron disease
receptor
adaptive
MCC of Spinal stenosis is __ arthritis
loss of disc height places __ load and hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum
also see __ formation of facet joint
degenerative
posterior
osteophyte
