Monday Wk 7 Mixed 2 Flashcards
__ is causative agent of Parkinsons dz
w candida skin test, __ present to CD4 T cells
can be used as __ control as all individuals are sensitized to candida
if neg, referred to as __
w injury, __ containing RBC escape to periorbital tissues to produce bruise
release of iron containing __ due to RBC destrxn
__ then forms biliverdin to produce green color
then reduced by __ to yellow color
RA/SVC pressure is around _ RV readings appear \_\_ w higher \_\_ pressure and same diastolic pressure PA systolic pressure is _ diastolic pressure is less than \_\_ LA/PCWP is around \_\_
MPTP
macrophages
positive
anergy
Hb
Heme
heme oxygenase
biliverdin reductase
<6mmHg
pulsatile, systolic
same, 12
6-12
triple therapy for H pylori is / w clarithromycin, PPI
M is prokinetic w antiemetic properties
use Prostaglandin analog like __ to prevent NSAID ulcer
chronic rejection spirometry shows airflow __ w dec FEV1 and ratio
see __ infiltration of small airways
followed w __ exudate and granulation tissue w fibrosis/scarring/obliteration
Foscarnet can chelate __ and deplete Mg leading to SEIZURES
Cidofovir is __ w proteinuria/inc creatinine
Major SE of ganciclovir is __
amoxicillin/metronidazole
metochlopromide
misoprostal
obstruction
lymphocytic
fibrinous
Calcium
nephrotoxic
bone marrow suppression
long term activation of __ receptors results in inc receptor tunover and decoupling
upregulates __ receptors
this leads to __ and opioid induced hyperalgesia
can be precipitated by partial agonist __
has high __ w low activity
internal hemorrhoids innervated by __ plexus
covered w __ epi
external hemorrhoids covered w __ epi w innervation by inferior rectal nerve from __ nerve
SIADH from SCLC has dec serum __
kidneys cannot produce dilute urine thus urine osmolarity is above __
adenoca of lung assc w D/P and T
mu opioid NMDA tolerance Buprenorphine affinity
inferior hypogastric
columnar
modified squamous
pudendal
osmolarity
100
dermatomyositis, polymyositis, trousseau syndrome
minors require paretal consent for __ med tx
exception if S, S, P/C
B thal is due to point mutation in _ or _
LP for crypto meningitis may have __ leuks
tx w __ in long term
_ testing is sensitive/specific
culture w __ to confirm ddx
use voriconazole for __
MM produces hypercalcemia via __ w inc OC activating factors
FHH has low __ Ca
A2 receptors dec __ release and dec __ motility
B2 receptors inc __ release
NE typically does not raise HR due to baroreceptor reflex from high __
non emergent
STD, substance abuse, prenatal/contraception
splice site, promoter sequence
low
Fluconazole
crypto antigen
sabourad agar
aspergillus
osteolysis
urinary
insulin, intestinal
cAMP glucagon
ARDS __ phase has release of inflam cytokines activating pulm ednothelium
recruits __ to lung tissues w inc capillary permeability
leakage of __ fluid into alveolar space w formation of hyaline membranes
__ phase has endo/pneumo/fibroblasts proliferate
__ phase has collagen deposition w fibrosis/pHTN
w inspiration, diaphragm creates more __ IP pressure to draw air into lungs
passive recoil relies on elastic recoil of __ to expel air
w normal phrenic nerve activity and weaker contractions, problem must be skeletal muscle __ or impaired NT
women in post partum period are at high risk for ___
w phrenic nerve damage, would see uniform weak __
exudative neutrophils protein rich proliferative fibrotic
negative
lungs
fatigue
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
inspirations
normal IgA is in __ form and binds to pili to prevnt bacteial mucosal adherence
D1 receptor is __ second messenger system
majority of pts w calcium kidney stones are __ due to intact regulation by VD/PTH
hyperoxaluria from diet high in C/N/S
another risk factor is hypo__
sharp pain w bright red rectal bleeding on defecation has __
exacerbated w spasm of _
these occur __ to dentate and usually __ midline
this is __ tear in mucosa
LCX supplies lateral ventricle and MI occurs in _ as well as v5/v6
LAD supplies anterior/septal ventricle via leads __
proximal involves __ leads
distal may spare leads __
dimer
Gs
normocalcemic
chocolate, nuts, spinach
hypocitraturia
anal fissure
sphincters
distal
posterior, longitudinal
1, avL
v1-v4
all
v1-v2
in acid fast stain, bacteria x w __ first to penetrate wall
then tx w / to wash away wall cell membrane of nontb bacteria
then add __ to stain these orgs blue
__ is an org that is weak acid fast
stage 1 of sarcoid has __
stage 2 adds __ in upper lobes
stage 3 has __ disappear
stage 4 has __
activated macros in Tb infection releases P, N, R which also results in lung damage/cavitation
thus, cord factor is driver of __ formation
granulation tissue in small bronchioles is __
collection of extravasated blood at least 1cm is __
usually indicate deep __, ligament rupture or __ injury
__ is less than 5mm, while __ is just bigger
assc w __ dysxn
assc w high __ pressure
carbolfuschin
H2O2, alcohol
methylene blue
Nocardia
bilateral hilar LAN
pulm infiltrates
hilar LAN
progressive fibrosis
proteases, NO, ROS
granuloma
COP
ecchymoses, hemorrhage, muscle
petechiae, purpura
platelet
venous
__ is neurotoxin produced by puffer fish
along w __ from dinoflagellates leads to NV, paresthesias, lost __ w hypoTN/death
due to inhibition of __ influx
Ciguatoxin from /
batrachotoxin from SA __ both cause Na channel to stay /
S1 radiculopathy has sensory loss down __ thigh and lateral foot
weakness on thigh __ and knee __ and plantarflexion
absent __
L5 radiculopathy felt over _ and __ foot w problems w dorsiflexion, eversion and extension (EH/D)
damage to L4 leads to lost senstion of __ and medial calf/foot
see probs w hib __ and knee __ and __ REFLEX
lesion at L3 leads to lost hip __, hip adduction and knee extension but normal reflex
sensation only lost at __
tetrodotoxin saxitoxin reflexes Na Eel, exotic fish, frogs depolarized, open
posterior
extension, flexion
ANKLE REFLEX
anteriorlateral, dorsal
extensor hallicus/digitorum brevis
anterior leg
flexion, extension, PATELLAR
adduction
anterior medial leg
ovarian tumors
__ has amenorrhea/virilization
usually in __ woman w hollow/solid tumors w round sertoli cells/fibrous stroma
secete __
GTC are also ___ tumors
secrete __ w endometrial hyperplasia/post men bleeding
high __ w CE bodies and coffee bean nuclei
Dysgerminoma is \_\_ tumor \_\_/\_\_ is high w fried egg cells may present w ruptured \_\_ _ is other germ cell tumor AFP is high w ab pain due to torsion and no _ histology shows \_\_
__ is epithelial tumor w psamomma bodies
usually __ woman w out hormone activity
__ is other epi tumor w mucin prodxn
see P__
SL sex cord stromal young androgens sex cord stromal Estrogen Inhibin
germ cell HCG/LDH ovarian follicle Endodermal yolk sac virilization schiller duval bodies
serous cystadenoma
posmen
mucinous cystadenoma
pseudotumor peritonii
AGE occur w glucose attaching to __ w formation of irreversible products
along w __ in BV walls leads to athero and microangiopathic cops
sorbitol becomes fructose via __
when overwhelmed, leads to __ cell injury w oxidative stress
leads to cell injury like __
nephrotic syndrome has heavy __ and hypo__ w edema and hyperlipidemia
w dec intravascular oncotic pressure fluid moves to __ w edema formation
IV volume depletion activates __ to inc Na/water retention and inc hydrostatic pressure
stimulates liver to inc __ prodxn
w low LPL activity, __ develops
liver also tries to inc __ prodxn
proteins LDL sorbitol dehydrogenase osmotic cataracts
proteinuria, albuminemia interstitial RAAS lipoprotein hyperlipidemia albumin
HbA2 is high in __
if HbA is present, dx is ___
if not, dx is __
in nonlactating women, __ is most breast tissue
in lactating women, __ proliferates
__ is precursor to IDC
__ is protective
see microcalcifications w ducts distended and central __ w/out extension beyond BM
spread of cells to nipple w eczematous changes indicates __
Invasive __ carcinoma has breast mass w single file cells
__ tumor comes from breast stroma and has hypercellular CT w __ projection
B thal
minor
major
stroma epithelium DCIS breastfeeding necrosis Paget dz of breast
lobular
phyllodes, leaf like
