Friday Wk 6 Mixed 1 Flashcards
shigellosis is due to __ form
has specificity for __ cells at base of villi in Peyer patch
penetrates via __ and lyses endosome
leads to ulceration of mucosa w bloody/mucoid __
inhibits absorption of __
Paneth cells occur in crypts to protect against __
secrete L/D
robertsonian translocations occur from parent w __ translocation
other gamete carries __ copies of chromo 21 which leads to miscarriages
MHC class 1 has single heavy chain and __
comes from antigens processed in __
leads to __
MHC class 2 has _/_ PP chains antigens phagocytosed/digested by _ to bind MHC class 2 activates \_\_ cells to stimulate H/CM immunity
Sonnei Microfold M endocytosis diarrhea water microorgs lysozyme and defensins
balanced
0 copies
B2 microglobulin
cytoplasm
apoptosis
Alpha/beta
lysosomes
TH
intrathoracic pressure drops during __ allowing inc venous return
but PV are overloaded, thus LV preload __
PR murmur is __ that is high pitched/blowing
heard best at left / IS
use __ in AMI to dec HR, CO and O2 demand
contraindicated w brady__ or heart block, hypoTN and pulm edema
avoid noncardioselective BB like P, N in pt w COPD
cardioselective BB include M, A, N, B
or B1/A1 blockers C/L
Derlium is A w impaired \_\_ course F\_\_ and is reversible memory impairment is \_\_ assc w D, P, prior stroke, age look for I, D, E/M problems, CNS damage
Dementia is G__ w intact conciousness
course is __ and irreversible
remote memory is __
think __ dementia w multiple cortical/subcortical infarcts
think __ w impaired focus/concentration
inspiration
decreases
diastolic
2/3
Beta blocker cardia Propanolol, nadolo metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol Carvedilol, labetalol
acute, conciousnes
fluctuates, global
dementia, PD
infectin, drugs, electrolyte/metabolic
gradual
progressive
intact
VASCULAR
MD
__ bias is misclassification due to prior knowledge
when outcomes are __
inspiratory __ w SOB and thumbprint sign is Epiglottitis
capsule binds __ to prevent complement deposition
Strep pyo M protein also binds __ to stop alternative complement
_ in TB prevents phagocytosis to allow granuloma formation
progressive __ of liver vasculature causes Portal HTN
high pressure in S, P, S veins
release of __ agents dilates splanchnic arteries w hepatic vasoconstriction
kidneys sense dec perfusion from _ syndrome and retain Na/water for ascitic fluid
thus, tx w dec Na and F/S
observer
subjective
stridor
Factor H
Factor H
trehalose dimycolate
fibrosis SM, portal, splenic vasoactive hepatorenal furosemide, spironolactone
varicose veins due to high _ pressure in SUPERFICIAL veins
w dilation, venous valves __ w venous HTN
comps include E, S, U
pain is worse w __
massive DVT can lead to impaired arterial flow aka __
leg appears enlarged and __
blood supply to femoral head comes from _ artery
ligamentum teres from __ artery supplies femoral head in KIDS
HepE spread is __
detect HEV Ag, HEV RNA in __
Infant botulinum consumes __ that germinate to produce toxin
infant botulinum begins w __ then weakness, lethargy, paralysis, dec gag/crying
baby can appear __
adult form is more severe w ingestion of __ toxin
look for toxin in stool via /
intraluminal
fail
edema, stasis dermatitis, ulceration
standing
phlegmasia
white
MEDIAL CIRCUMFLEX
obturator
fecal oral
stool
SPORES constipation floppy PREFORMED PCR/ELISA
PV other sx include peptic ulcer disease due to impaired BF as a result of __
or __ arthritis due to cell turnover
all cell lines __ w low EPO
due to inc transduction of __ from cytoplasmic JAK2 TK
TZD bind PPARG and cause it to form __ w retinoid X receptor
GLP1 is released by intestinal _ cells
act though __ receptor
M/H anemia w normal Hb is \_\_ HbA2 is \_\_ due to abnorms in \_\_ fxn may have \_\_ probs or chain termination, mutation preventing \_\_ binding promoter dec B chains leads to higher _/_
protein folding defect is seen in __
viscosity
GOUTY
high
growth factors
heterodimerize
L cells
cAMP-GPCR
B thalassemia HIGH mRNA splcing, RNA poly HbA2/HbF
A1AT
aromatase in __ cells converts androgens to E2
theca externa is made of / cells
macrosomia is wt greater than __
due to high insulin stimulating __ deposition
other comps include P, H
Dermatomyositis is paraneoplastic of O, L, C, N
INO is disorder of conjugate __ gaze
frontal eyefield projects to contralateral PARAMEDIAN __ RETICULAR FORMATION
sends efferents to CN _ at facial colliculus
CN 6 projects to ipsi __ muscle and contra __ subnucleus
unilateral lesion can occur w lacunar stroke to __ artery
impairs adduction of __ eye
CONVERGENCE IS/PLR __
parinaud syndrome is __ gaze palsy, absent _/__
granulosa
SM/fibroblast
4kg
fat
PV, HCM
ovarian, lung, colorectal, NHL
horizontal PONTINE 6 lateral rectus medial rectus
potine
IPSI
INTACT
upward, PLR, accomodation
legionella is intracellular faintly stain _ bacteria, so gram stain only shows neutrophils
use __ antigen and BCYE to produce organism
tic douloreux pain is in CN / distribution
tx w __ to block recovery of Na channels from inactivation
major SE is __
T/T are A1 adrenergic antags
relax smooth muscle in B/P/P
Tamsulosin is more __
useful to control __ obstruction
SE of 5AR inhibs is dec __ and erection
antimuscarinics like T tx overactive bladder
mycolic acid in Tb is necessary for __ structure and virulence factors
this allows for acid fastness to retain __ dye and resist decoloration by alcohol
gram negative
urine
CN V2/V3
carbamazepine
Aplastic anemia
tamsulosin, terasozin
bladder neck, prostate capsule, prostatic urethra
specific
dynamic
libido
tolterodine
cell wall
carbolfuschin
early DM has normal glucose __ due to inc insulin secretion
__ is stored in insulin secretory granules and secreted w insulin
deposits can be seen in __
HLA / is seen w T1DM
esp DR /
insoluble pigment of lipid/proteins is __ due to wear and tear
stains __ and is found in heart due to __
APC attempts to maintain low levels of __
vHL/MEN1 among others are ___
HTN crisis is DBP above __
leads to laminated __ and reduplicated BM
causes RAS w dec glomerular / and inc RAAS
selective arteriolar vasodilators H/M
low SVR but leads to reflexive __/__ activation
used most often for severe __ alongside S/D
enhance _ to distal tissues, thus may tx Raynaud
__ can cause dec CO and peripheral VC
tolerance amylin T2DM DR/DQ 3/4
LIPOFUSCHIN
yellow brown
LIPID PEROXIDATION
B catenin
TUMOR SUPPRESSORS
130
smooth muscle cells
filtration, perfusion
hydralazine, minoxidil SNS/RAAS HTN sympatholytic/diuretic blood flow
BB
Psoriasis due to / activation and release of cytokines
keratinocyte __ are released w prolif, inflam, and angiogenesis occurring
see hyperparakertosis, acanthosis, elongation of __, mitotic activity above __ and dec __
Auspitz sign due to epidermal layer above dermis being __ w dilated BV
see __ in superficial dermis/SC aka Munro micro
Hemochromatosis due to mutation on chromo __
see __ due to panc islet destrxn, impotence, cardiac enlargement, cirrhosis
transferrin/ferritin/plasma Fe is__
think __ dz w early onset cirrhosis
primary spontaneous PTX due to large change in / pressure breaking visceral pleura
__ alveoli in apices have greatest pressure change, thus predisposed to __
esp occurs in __ males who smoke
compensatory __ is when lung expands to respond to lost volume
CD4/CD8 growth factors rete ridges, basal layer SG thinned PMN
6
diabetes mellitus
HIGH
Wilson
pleural/intrapleural
superficial
subpleural blebs
TALL
hyperinflation
P__ reactivates cholinesterase by decoupling organophosphate from the enzyme
pyrimidines are T/C
UV light forms dimers repaired via _ as endonuclease nicks both sides and removes dimer
deaminated bases repaired by __ via glycosylases creating AP site
__ is MCC of folate def of intake/recylcling
impairs NT synthesis for __ prodxn
measure __ and cortisol levels via dexameth suppression for Cushing
if ACTH is low, __ dz is occuring
if __, must use dexamethasone
pituitary adenoma will be suppressed by __ dex
tumors w ectopic ACTH prodxn will __
can also measure cortisol at __ for cushing syndrome
cushing dz is __
pralidoxime
thymidine, cytosine
NET
BER
Alcoholism
DNA
ACTH
primary
high
high dose
not suppress
NIGHTTIME
Pituitary adenoma
Immune complex RPGN is comp of P, S, I, H
see lumpy bumpy granular staining for __ and __
Pauci-immune has no __ deposits
think __/__
PSGN, SLE, IgA, HSP
Immune complexes, complement
immune complex/complement
GPA/MP
