7/29 Questions Exam 1

Question 1

Name the areas of cellular differentiation formed within the somite?

Answer 1

Sclerotome
Myotome
Dermatome

Question 2

What are the names of the successive vertebral columns formed during development?

Answer 2

Membranous
Cartilaginous
Skeletal
Osseous

Question 3

Migration of a somite pair to surround the notochord forms what developmental feature?

Answer 3

The perichordal blastema

Question 4

The perichordal blastema gives rise to what processes?

Answer 4

Neural processes and costal processes

Question 5

What is the name of the artery located between adjacent perichordal blastemae?

Answer 5

Intersegmental artery

Question 6

What forms between the sclerotomites of a perichordal blastema?

Answer 6

The intrasclerotomal fissure (fissure of von ebner)

Question 7

The intrasclerotomal fissure (fissure of von ebner) gives rise to what development feature?

Answer 7

the perichordal disc

Question 8

The union of a dense caudal sclerotomite and a loose cranial sclerotomite from adjacent perichordal blastemae gives rise to what feature?

Answer 8

the vertebral blastema

Question 9

What vessel will be identified adjacent to the vertebral blastema?

Answer 9

the segmental artery

Question 10

When will cartilage first form in the membranous vertebral blastema?

Answer 10

beginning in the 6th embryonic week

Question 11

What is the name given to the replacement of mesoderm by cartilage?

Answer 11

chondrification

Question 12

What are the names given to the centers of chondrification within the vertebral blastema?

Answer 12

Centrum center
Neural arch center
Transverse process center

Question 13

How many centers of chondrification typically appear in the vertebral blastema?

Answer 13

Six….. 2 for the centrum, 2 for the neural arches, 2 for each transverse process

Question 14

What is the earliest time that centers of ossification appear in the cartilaginous vertebrae?

Answer 14

during the 7th embryonic week

Question 15

What is the name given to centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

Answer 15

Primary centers appear in utero, secondary centers appear after birth

Question 16

What is the ratio of primary to secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae?

Answer 16

3 primary centers

5 secondary centers

Question 17

What are the names of the primary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae?

Answer 17

centrum centers and neural arch centers

Question 18

What are the names/locations of the five secondary centers of ossification for a typical vertebrae?

Answer 18

tip of the transverse process, tip of the spinous process, epiphyseal plate centers

Question 19

What is the range of appearance for secondary centers of ossification of a typical vertebrae?

Answer 19

during puberty, typically ages 11-16 years old

Question 20

What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?

Answer 20

cervical - rectangular; thoracic - triangular; lumbar - reniform

Question 21

What is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

Answer 21

superior epiphyseal rim, inferior epiphyseal rim

Question 22

What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body?

Answer 22

superior epiphyseal plate, inferior epiphyseal plate

Question 23

What large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body?

Answer 23

the basivertebral venous foramen

Question 24

What is the name given to the intermediate part of the vertebral arch where the transverse process and articular processes attach?

Answer 24

the lamina-pedicle junction

Question 25

What is the generic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine?

Answer 25

Cervical - posterolateral Thoracic - posterior, slightly lateral Lumbar - posterior

Question 26

What embryonic structure gives rise to the somites?

Answer 26

Paraxial mesoderm