20. Neoplasia II

Question 1

Which of the following would prevent apoptosis from occurring?

A. Downregulation of BCL2
B. Increased p53 activity
C. Increase MDM2 activity
D. Upregulation of BAX
E. Cytochrome C leaking out of Mitochondria 

SZ

Answer 1

Ans. C Increased MDM2 activity
MDM2 inhibits p53 activity which would decrease apoptosis

The remaining choices would allow apoptosis to occur

Question 2

A 65 y/o postmenopausal female presents for complaint of vaginal bleeding, discharge and pelvic pain beginning 2 weeks ago. She has been taking estrogen and other post menopausal supplements for 5 years. The physician completed a transvaginal ultrasound and biopsy and diagnosed with her endometrial carcinoma. Which of the following is the first step required for invasion of the tumor to the ECM?

A.Increased cadherins
B. Decreased cadherins
C. Secretion of collagenase & cathepsins
D. MMP2 & MMP9 secretion
E. Laminin receptors & integrins

SZ

Answer 2

Ans. B.

Decreased cadherins allow cells to become loose. Increased cadherins would cause increase in cell adhesions.

Question 3

A cell is starting to undergo the process of metastasis which of the listed is responsible for the degradation of the ECM?

A.  IGF
B. MMP2
C. MMP9
D. Cathepsin B
E. Intergins

RFA

Answer 3

Ans. D. Cathepsin B degrades the ECM, collagenase also does this

A. IGF- adds with through the ECM proteins

B. &C MMP2 & MMP9 generate new attachment sites to the ECM, these are secreted by the tumor

E. Integrins- are important for tumor attach to the ECM

Question 4

Mary is a 58 year old former lumberjill. She has smoked for 30 years and has now gone to the doctor due to recurrent difficulty to breath and coughing. She is diagnosed with a Lung carcinoma Stage III A T4,N1,M0. Which of the following is not a factor in the stage rating of tumors?

A. Length of time tumor has existed
B. Size of tumor
C. Presence or absence of Metastases
D. Extent of spread of to regional lymph nodes

RFA

Answer 4

Ans. A Time is not a factor in Stage classification of tumors

T= Size
N= extent of spread to regional lymph nodes
M= presence or absence of metastases

Question 5

Overexpression of MDM2 in tumor cells leads to their resistance to apoptosis. That’s because MDM2 inhibits what regulator of apoptosis? (MG)

A. TNF alpha
B. TNF beta
C. TP53
D. RAS
E. WNT

Answer 5

C. TP53

MDM2 specifically inhibts TP53, allowing tumor cells to avoid apoptosis

Question 6

A 44 year old female is a regular patient of yours in your dermatology office. She has had 20 bouts of basal cell carcinoma in the past 10 years and is a farmer. You dx her with xeroderma pigmentosum. What defect is causing this condition? (MG)

A. G2 checkpoint malfunction
B. S1 checkpoint malfunction
C. Nucleotide excision repair malfunction
D. Changes in lenngth of short tandem repeating sequences

Answer 6

C. Nucleotide excision repair malfunction