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Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) > Unit 2 - Part 2 - Newborn Care Part 1 > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Part 2 - Newborn Care Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pulse of a newborn

A

110-160 bpm

sleep: low is 70
cry: high is 180

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2
Q

BP of a newborn

A

birth: 70-50/45-30

day 10: 90/60

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3
Q

RR of a newborn

A

30-60 breaths per minute

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4
Q

Normal Temp. for newborn

A

36.5-37.5 C (97.7-99.4 F)

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5
Q

Axillary Temp for newborn

A

36.5-37.2 C (97.7-99 F)

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6
Q

Skin Temp for newborn

A

36-36.5 C (96.7-97.7 F)

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7
Q

Rectal Temp for newborn

A

36.6-37.2 C (97.8-99 F)

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8
Q

What does the APGAR scoring include?

A
  • Heart Rate
  • Resp. Effort
  • Muscle Tone
  • Reflex Irritability
  • Color
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9
Q

What is a good APGAR score

A

7-10

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10
Q

What to do if APGAR is less than 7 at 5 minutes

A
  • repeat every 5 minutes up to 20 minutes

- resuscitative measures

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11
Q

What to do it APGAR is less than 3 at 5 minutes

A

correlate with neonatal mortality

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12
Q

When are umbilical clamps placed

A

after identification of vessels

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13
Q

Where are umbilical clamps placed

A

0.5-1 inch from abdomen

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14
Q

When do you remove the umbilical clamp

A

24 hours after the cord has dried

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15
Q

_____ _____ is the blood that remains in the umbilical cord and placenta following birth. This blood is usually discarded. However, _____ _____ _____ utilizes facilities to store and preserve a baby’s cord blood (can help if child were to develop cancer)

A

Cord Blood, cord blood banking

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16
Q

T/F: To maintain life, the lungs must function immediately after birth.

A

T

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17
Q

Two changes necessary for the lungs to function immediately after birth:

A
  1. Pulmonary ventilation must be established through lung expansion following birth.
  2. A marked increase in the pulmonary circulation must occur.
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18
Q

The first breath of life—the gasp in response to mechanical and reabsorptive, chemical, thermal, and sensory changes associated with birth—initiates …

A

the serial opening of the alveoli

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19
Q

What happens to a newborn when air enters the lungs

A
  • triggers decreased pulmonary vascular resistance

- blood distributed throughout lungs

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20
Q

Fetal hgb has a _____ affinity for oxygen than adult hgb

A

greater

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21
Q

First two things you do as immediate care of newborn

A

1: Respiratory/Cardiac Assessment

2. Temperature Assessment

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22
Q

What is part of the Respiratory/Cardiac Assessment

A
  • mouth THEN nose suctioned

- infant placed on mother’s abdomen

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23
Q

How will a baby lose heat

A
  • evaporation: dry them off quickly
  • conduction: warm towels (not room temp.)
  • radiation: neutral thermal environment
  • convecton: worry about wind drafts (skin to skin)
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24
Q

How to count newborn’s pulse

A

Use apical pulse! Count for full minute!

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25
Q

Are a newborn’s respirations regular or irregular

A

irregular = count for full minute!

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26
Q

T/F: Anything that sedates mother, sedates the baby too

A

T (takes a lot longer to get out of baby’s system)

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27
Q

Grunting respirations are an indication of _____ _____

A

respiratory distress

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28
Q

Infants should produce _____ wet diaper within the first 24 hours of life

A

one

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29
Q

Describe hct values in Newborn

A

may rise above fetal levels

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30
Q

Describe hgb values in Newborn

A

fall

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31
Q

Describe Lueokocytes in newborn

A

normal

32
Q

Describe Blood Volume in newborn

A

85 mL/kg (varies)

33
Q

____ stored in liver until needed for new RBC’s

A

iron

34
Q

When do newborns start producing vitamin K

A

when they start producing ecoli

35
Q

Definition: conversion of lipid-soluble pigment into water-soluble pigment

A

Conjugation of Bilirubin

36
Q

3 things that happen after bilirubin conjugated, bound

A
  • can be changed back to unconjugated bilirubin
  • newborn liver less able to conjugate bilirubin
  • more susceptible to jaundice
37
Q

How to assess physiological jaundice

A

by pressing skin on forehead, nose, with finger (50% full-term, 80% preterm)

38
Q

if jaundice becomes apparent….

A

keep newborn well-hydrated

39
Q

Newborn kidneys are _____ able than adult kidneys to concentrate urine

A

less

40
Q

initial bladder volume of a newborn

A

6-44 mL (cloudy, high specific gravity)

41
Q

T/F: newborns have pseudomenstruation

A

T, because they still have some hormones from mother

42
Q

How big is a newborn’s brain compared to adult’s

A

1 quarter

- myelination of nerve fibers incomplete

43
Q

Characteristics of newborn neurological function

A
  • partially flexed extremities

- purposeless, uncoordinated bilateral movements

44
Q

Describe how a newborn’s cry should be

A

lusty, vigorous

45
Q

How do newborns grow

A

cephalocaudal (proximal-distal)

46
Q
  • abdominal
  • babinski
  • blinking
  • grasping
  • moro
  • plantar (toe grasping)
  • puillary
  • rooting
  • startle
  • sucking
  • tonic neck
  • walking
  • withdrawal
A

Common specific reflexes of the Newborn

47
Q

When is a newborn alert

A

First 30-40 minutes after birth

- tends to be shorter after first 2 days after birth

48
Q

Definition: they can turn you off and ignore you

A

Habituation

49
Q

T/F: we want parents to be apart of assessments of newborns

A

T

50
Q

3 Times for assessment of newborn

A
  1. birthing area immediately after birth
  2. admission to nursery
  3. before discharge
51
Q

What is included in an initial physical assessment of a newborn

A

observes the nares for flaring and, as the newborn cries, inspects the palate for cleft palate.

  • inspect skin
  • inspect chest for respiratory rate, presence of retractions
52
Q

Two gestational age assessment stage:

A
  1. external physical characteristics
  2. Neurological or neuromuscular development

is the baby really the age that they look

53
Q

What will the ear form be like if the baby is premature

A

won’t spring back, stay folded over for a while

54
Q

What will the ear form be like if the baby is older and mature

A

springs back quickly

55
Q

How can you tell if a female is older and mature

A

Clitoris is not as easily seen, labia majora is more present

56
Q

How can you tell if a male is older and mature

A

wrinkles in scrotum

57
Q

what is vernix

A

cheesy substance covering skin of baby at birth

58
Q

Will there be a lot or a little vernix on a premature baby

A

a lot

59
Q

Definition: fine, soft hair, especially that which covers the body and limbs of a human fetus or newborn

A

lanugo

60
Q

What is a supplementary method for determining gestational age

A

view vascular network of cornea

61
Q

Gestational age determination, birth weight:

Below 10th percentile =

A

small for gestational age (SGA)

62
Q

Gestational age determination, birth weight:

Between 10th and 90th percentile =

A

appropriate for gestation age (AGA)

63
Q

Gestational age determination, birth weight:

Above 90th percentile =

A

large for gestational age (LGA)

64
Q

A weight loss of up to 10% for term newborns is considered to be _____ during the first week of life.

A

normal

This weight loss is the result of limited intake, loss of excess extracellular fluid, and passage of meconium

65
Q

T/F: Birth weight is usually regained by 2 weeks if feedings are adequate.

A

T

66
Q

Weight for a normal, full-term white newborn

A

3,405 g

67
Q

70%-75% of newborn’s weight is _____

A

water

68
Q

Newborn’s head is _____ size of adult’s head

A

1/3

69
Q

Average chest circumference for newborn

A

32 cm

70
Q

How many pounds is considered large for a newborn

A

> 8.8 lbs

71
Q

How often do we monitor newborn’s temperature

A

every 30 minutes until stable

72
Q

Immediately after birth, and for approximately the next 2 hours, respiratory rates of 60–70 breaths/minute are _____. Some cyanosis and acrocyanosis are _____ for several hours

A

normal, normal

thereafter, the infant’s color improves steadily

73
Q

Definition: A deep red color develops over one side of the newborn’s body while the other side remains pale, so the skin resembles a clown’s suit

A

Harlequin sign

74
Q

What is the color change in Harlequin sign a result of?

A

a vasomotor disturbance in which blood vessels on one side dilate while the blood vessels on the other side constrict

75
Q

How long does the Harlequin sign last

A

1-20 minutes

(Affected newborns may have single or multiple episodes, but they are transient and clinically insignificant. The nurse should document each occurrence. )

76
Q

Definition: an eruption of lesions in the area surrounding a hair follicle that are firm, vary in size from 1 to 3 mm,
and consist of a white or pale yellow papule or pustule with an erythematous base.

A 
Erythema Toxicum (“newborn rash” or “flea bite” 
dermatitis)

rash may appear suddenly, usually over the trunk and diaper area, and is frequently widespread

77
Q

Describe shape of head of a breech-born

A

well-shaped, round

Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) (64 decks)

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