Unit 5 - COPD

Question 1

Is COPD curable

Answer 1

no

Question 2

Describe Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 2

inflammation and excessive bronchial mucus

Question 3

Describe Emphysema

Answer 3

destruction of walls of alveoli; alveolar membranes break down

Question 4

_____ is often comorbid with COPd

Answer 4

asthma

Question 5

COPD typically includes components of both _____ _____ and _____. Although the COPD complex can also include asthma, small airway disease, and narrowing of small bronchioles, it is more commonly known to include _____ _____.

Answer 5

chronic bronchitis
emphysema
bronchitis
emphysema

Question 6

_____: loss of alveola surface reduces gas exchange/elastic recoil is lost reducing volume of air that is passively expired (air trapping/bronchioles or alevoli may be involved

Answer 6

emphysema

Question 7

_____: excessive bronchial mucous secretions/productivity cough lasting 3 or more months in 2 consecutive years/lost ability to clear mucus/airway edema/recurrent infection is common

Answer 7

chronic bronchitis

Question 8

With chronic bronchitis, a productivity cough lasting _____ in _____ consecutive years

Answer 8

3 or more months

2

Question 9

3 risk factors for COPD

Answer 9

• working in an industrial environment
• history of asthma
• cigarette smoking

Question 10

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (EFVs) + symptoms =

Answer 10

level of severity

Question 11

prolonged impairment of gas exchange results in…

Answer 11

cardiac dysfunction

Question 12

caloric demand increases as effort to breath _____

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

The earliest-presenting symptom of COPD is…..

Answer 13

coughing in the morning with clear sputum

Question 14

With progression of COPD, the body…

These extra blood cells…, leading to the development of _____ _____ _____ and clubbing of the fingertips

Answer 14

body compensates by producing extra red blood cells

clog the small blood vessels of he fingers

cyanotic nail beds

Question 15

enlargement and thickening of the R ventricle of the heart often results in _____

Answer 15

dysrhythmias

Question 16

Barrel chest occurs because…

Answer 16

the lungs are chronically overinflated with air, so the rib cage stays partially expanded

Question 17

_____ will keep the alveoli open and increase exchange of oxygen and CO2 more effectively/improve airflow and reduce air trapping and especially may be used when asthma is a major component of COPD. It improves symptoms and exercise tolerance and may reduce the severity of exacerbations.

Answer 17

Bronchodilators

Question 18

______ and _____ _____ _____ are commonly ordered to decrease the inflammation and swelling of lung tissues to maximize oxygen and CO2 exchange and to improve symptoms

Answer 18

Steroidal/Corticosteroid therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

Question 19

a cough suppressant (is/is not) an appropriate medication for a client with COPD as it is important for the client to expel mucous to maintain adequate oxygenation

Answer 19

is not

Question 20

an _____ ______ may be ordered to reduce the risk of respiratory infections

Answer 20

influenza vaccine

Question 21

a _____-_____ _____ may be prescribed if infection is suspected

Answer 21

broad-spectrum antibiotic

Question 22

oxygen therapy improves:

Answer 22

• exercise tolerance

- mental functioning

Question 23

when should you use caution with oxygen therapy

Answer 23

in clients with chronic elevated CO2

Question 24

_____ _____: a client with COPD may have their breaths stimulation by a _____ _____. This disease process causes the body to retain CO2. Providing too much oxygen can result in an increase in CO2 levels, leading to respiratory failure. Oxygen should be at a lower rate, such as 1-2 L/min. per nasal cannula.

Answer 24

Hypoxic Drive

Question 25

Describe percussion

Answer 25

forceful striking of skin with cupped hands

Question 26

Describe vibration

Answer 26

series of vigorous quiverings produced by hands on client’s chest wall

Question 27

Describe postural drainage

Answer 27

drainage of gravity of secretions from lung segments

Question 28

Dietary Measures:

a diet (high/low) in protein and fats (with/without) excess carbohydrates is recommended to…

Frequent (small/big) meals help maintain intake and…

Answer 28

high
without
minimize CO2 production during metabolism.

small
reduce fatigue associated with eating

Question 29

Carbohydrate-rich food may (increase/decrease) the client’s CO2 production and worsen the symptoms of the disease…eat frequent snacks

Answer 29

increase

Question 30

indications for a diagnoses of ineffective breathing pattern may include:

Answer 30

an elevated respiratory rate

Question 31

A client who is diagnosed with COPD may have alterations in both _____ & ______

Answer 31

oxygenation and perfusion

Question 32

Clinical manifestations associated with a decreased in perfusion include _____ and _____

Answer 32

acrocyanosis and confusion

*a weak pulse and blue nailbeds would also indicate poor perfusion

Question 33

Is wheezing a normal breath sound

Answer 33

No, yet it is NOT an indication of poor perfusion

Question 34

is wheezing an indication of poor perfusion?

Answer 34

No, though it is still an abnormal breath sound

Question 35

Techniques used to instruct a client to control the breathing pattern include:

Answer 35

• pursed-lip breathing
• abdominal breathing
• relaxation (visualization and meditation)

Question 36

The following activities may enhance breathing pattern for the COPD client:

• Providing adequate rest periods…
• Assisting with ADLs…
• Relaxation techniques reduce _____ and its effect on the _____ _____
• pursed-lip breathing helps…

Answer 36

• prevents fatigue and reduces Oxygen demands
• conserves energy and reduces oxygen demands
• anxiety, respiratory rate
• keep airways open by maintaining positive pressure

Question 37

Clients should be sitting in _____-_____ for meals

Answer 37

high-fowlers

Question 38

Adequate fluid intake is needed…

Answer 38

to keep secretions thin: at least 2-2.5 quarts of fluid daily

Question 39

Can relatives be used as a medical interpreter?

Answer 39

NO!

Question 40

Evidence that care provided to a client with COPD was successful may include: the client conducting morning care and ambulating in the room while maintaining an oxygen saturation of 92%. This outcome identifies the client’s ability to…

Answer 40

maintain adequate oxygenation and perform ADLs