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Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) > Unit 13 - Fractures > Flashcards

Unit 13 - Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

3 phases of fracture healing

A

inflammatory phase
reparative phase
remodeling phase

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2
Q

Fracture Healing:
- damage causes bleeding and formation of hematoma around the injury; inflammatory cells enter the wound and degrade debris and bacteria

A

inflammatory phase

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3
Q

Fracture Healing:
- osteoblasts promote formation of new bone and osteoclasts destroy dead bone, assist in synthesis of new bone -> collagen formation, calcium deposition continue

A

Reparative phase

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4
Q

Fracture Healing:

- excess callus removed, new bone lain down along fracture line -> site calcified, bone reunited

A

Remodeling phase

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5
Q

bone that fractures and undergoes normal healing

A

union

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6
Q

fracture that shows no progress toward healing for at least 3 months

A

nonunion

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7
Q

when healing process takes longer than expected

A

delayed union

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8
Q

when bone fragments join in an incorrect position

A

malunion

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9
Q

occurs when excess pressure in a limited space constricts structures in a compartment -> reducing circulation to muscles, nerves

A

Compartment Syndrome

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10
Q

Compartment Syndrome:
- result from hemorrhage, edema in compartment following fracture, crush injury, external compression by cast that is too tight

A

Acute Compartment Syndrome

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11
Q

Compartment Syndrome:

- Entrapment of _____ _____ limits tissue perfusion -> begins cycle of events that may result in _____ _____ _____

A

blood vessels

loss of limb

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12
Q

Compartment Syndrome:

- Fasciotomy -> surgical intervention -> muscle fascia is cut to relieve _____

A

pressure

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13
Q

Compartment Syndrome:

- incision left _____, passive ROM on extremity

A

open

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14
Q

blood clot forms along intimal lining of a large vein

A

DVT

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15
Q

occurs when fat globules lodge in the pulmonary vascular bed or peripheral circulation

A

fat emboli

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16
Q

Signs of _____:

- neurologic dysfunction, pulmonary insufficiency, petechial rash on chest, axilla, upper arms

A

FES (Fat embolism syndrome)

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17
Q

Early stabilization of _____ _____ fractures in preventive for FES

A

long bone

18
Q

fat particles or droplets that travel through the circulation

A

fat emboli

19
Q

a process by which fat emboli passes into the bloodstream and lodge within a blood vessel

A

fat embolism

20
Q

serious manifestation of fat embolism occasionally causes multi system dysfunction, the lungs are always involved and next is brain

A

Fat embolism syndrome (FES)

21
Q

infection is more likely to occur in _____ fracture than _____

A

open

closed

22
Q

infection usually result from _____ at time of injury

A

contamination

23
Q

_____ may lead to sever gas gangrene and cellulitis

A

clostridium

24
Q

metal pins and screws placed in bone above and below fracture, and then attached to a metal bar outside the skin

A

external fixation

25
Q

bone is placed in correct alignment; nails, screws, wires, plates or rods are inserted to hold bone in place

A

internal fixation (ORIF; open reduction and internal fixation)

26
Q

rigid device used to immobilize, support, and protect fractured bones and surrounding soft tissue

A

cast

27
Q

a cast is usually applied to stable fracture (before, after) reduction

A

after

28
Q

provides less support than a cast, but easily adjusted to accommodate swelling

A

splint

29
Q

often used to stabilize fresh injuries and during reparative phase of healing

A

splint

30
Q

Femoral shift fractures:

- early ambulation stimulates _____

A

healing

31
Q

RICE

A

rest
ice
compression
elevation

32
Q

used to manage open fractures with soft tissue damage

A

external fixation devices

33
Q

provide support for complicated or comminuted fractures

A

external fixation devices

34
Q

fracture of femur at the neck, head, trochanteric regions

A

hip fracture

35
Q

involve head or neck of femur

A

intracapsular fracture

36
Q

_____ fractures frequently impair flow of blood to femoral head

A

intracapsular

37
Q

involve trochanteric region

A

extracapsular fracture

38
Q

_____ fractures cause acute blood loss from vascular cancellous bone srufaces

A

extracapsular

39
Q

within the joint capsule

A

intracapsular

40
Q

outside the joint capsule

A

extracapsular

Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) (64 decks)

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