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Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) > Unit 10 - Hypertension > Flashcards

Unit 10 - Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension is systolic BP _____ mmHg or higher

A

140

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2
Q

hypertension is diastolic BP _____ mmHg or higher

A

90

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3
Q

approximately _____ of adults with hypertension are unaware of the condition

A

30%

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4
Q

approximately _____ of adults being treated for hypertension achieve control

A

34%

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5
Q

force exerted against the walls of the arteries by the blood as it is pumped from the heart

A

blood pressure

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6
Q

highest pressure exerted against the arterial walls at the peak of ventricular contraction

A

systolic

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7
Q

lowest pressure exerted during ventricular relaxation

A

diastolic

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8
Q

difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure

A

pulse pressure

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9
Q

3 factors that determine peripheral vascular resistance

A
  • blood viscosity
  • length of the vessel
  • diameter of the vessel
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10
Q

opposing forces or impedance to blood flow

A

peripheral vascular resistance

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11
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide is released by _____ _____ in the _____ chambers (_____) of the heart (_____ _____) in response to high blood volume. ANP acts to reduce water, sodium, and adipose loads on the circulatory system, thereby reducing blood pressure.

A

muscle cells
upper
atria
atrial myocytes

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12
Q

persistently elevated systemic BP

A

primary hypertension

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13
Q

Primary hypertension develops through interaction between:

  • overstimulation of _____- and _____- _____ receptors
  • altered function of the _____-_____ _____ system
  • other chemical mediators of blood _____ and _____ tone
  • interaction among insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and endothelial function
A
  • overstimulation of alpha-and beta-adrenergic receptors
  • altered function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
  • other chemical mediators of blood volume and vasomotor tone
  • interaction among insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and endothelial function
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14
Q

emergency hypertension

A

> 180/>120

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15
Q

name for emergency hypertension

A

malignant hypertension

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16
Q

For malignant hypertension, treatment must occur within _____ hour to preserve end-organ function

A

1

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17
Q

hypertensive disorders seen in _____-_____% of pregnancies

A

2-3%

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18
Q

preeclampsia occurs after _____ weeks

A

20

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19
Q

early signs of preeclampsia

A
  • hypertension

- protein in urine

20
Q

preeclampsia women who develop are at risk for developing chronic _____ later in life

A

hypertension

21
Q

as preeclampsia progresses, more severe symptoms become evident; potentially _____

A

fatal

22
Q

HELLP

A

H - hemolysis
EL - elevated liver enzymes
LP - low platelet count

23
Q

cure for preeclampsia

A

deliver the baby

24
Q

hypertension primarily affects _____-aged and _____ adults

A

middle-aged & older adults

25
Q

hypertension is more prevalent in _____ than _____ or _____

A

blacks than white or hispanics

26
Q

hypertension:

in whites and hispanics, more _____ than _____

A

males than females

27
Q

hypertension:

in blacks, more _____ than _____

A

females than males

28
Q

primary hypertension is diagnosed when…

A

no specific cause in known

29
Q

_____ _____ is the most common identifiable cause of secondary hypertension in adults and children

A

kidney disease

30
Q

initially, elevated BP is only a _____

A

symptom

31
Q

Clinical manifestations:
Vague symptoms of _____ upon awakening that disappear through the course of the day, nocturia confusion nauseam vomiting, visual, disturbances

A

headache

32
Q

Clinical manifestations:

_____ changes in the eye

A

retina

33
Q

Clinical manifestations:

can develop hypertensive _____

A

encephalopathy

34
Q

Main goals of care:

  • reduce BP to < _____/_____
  • reduce _____ and _____ mortality and morbidity
A
  • < 140/90

- cardiovascular and renal

35
Q

Lifestyle modifications:

  • diet
  • reduce _____ intake
  • maintain adequate _____ and _____ intake
  • reduce _____ and _____ fat
  • weight ____
  • loss of _____ pounds reduces BP in many people
A
  • diet
  • reduce sodium intake
  • maintain adequate potassium and calcium intake
  • reduce total and saturated fat
  • weight loss
  • loss of 10 pounds reduces BP in many people
36
Q

_____ exercise can raise systolic BP

A

isometric

37
Q

recommended alcohol intake is no more than _____ _____ of ethanol or _____ drinks/day

a drink is _____ ounces of beer, _____ ounces of wine or _____ ounces of 80-proof whiskey

women should reduce this alcohol intake by _____

A

1 oz or 2 drinks

12
5
1.5

half

38
Q

stress stimulates the _____ _____ _____

A

Systemic nervous system (SNS)

39
Q

Pharmacologic therapy:

particularly for clients who are older, African American,, obese, or have increased plasma volume or low renin activity

A

diuretics

40
Q

Pharmacologic therapy:

for clients with diabetes or heart failure, history of MI, or chronic kidney diseases

A

ACE inhibitors

41
Q

Pharmacologic therapy:

for clients with diabetes or heart failure, history of MI or chronic kidney diseases

A

angiotensin II receptor blockers

42
Q

Pharmacologic therapy:

can cause orthostatic hypotension

A

alpha-adrenergic blockers

43
Q

Pharmacologic therapy:

for clients with heart failure, coronary heart diseases, or diabetes

A

beta-adrenergic blockers

44
Q

Pharmacologic therapy:

can cause reflect tachycardia, some suppress heart function

A

calcium-channel blockers

45
Q

Drug regimens:

if drug tolerated well but BP not controlled…

A

a second drug is added

46
Q

after a year of successful therapy, effort may be made to reduce the number of drugs and dose; this is “_____ _____” therapy

A

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Nursing 2300 (VIcky Hansen) (64 decks)

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