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Pharmacology 1+2 > Lab 6 for MT 1 > Flashcards

Lab 6 for MT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tablet, coated tablet

Definition

A

Solid single-dose preparation produced by compressing uniform volumes of particulate solids. Tablets include single-layer tablets resulting from a single compression of particles and multi-layer tablets consisting of concentric or parallel layers obtained by successive compressions of particles of different composition.

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2
Q

Tablet, coated tablet

Types

A
  1. palatable/chewable tablet (eg. Bravecto)
  2. effervescent /coated tablet (mostly human med.)
  3. intrauterine tablet (veterinary only) (eg. AB for metritis)
  4. modified-release tablets, soluble tablet, sublingual tablet, vaginal tablet, etc
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3
Q

Tablet, coated tablet

Form

A

Small animals: flat cylinder, concave, cylinder, rhomboid, etc.
Large animals: oval, rod-shaped

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4
Q

Tablet, coated tablet

Usage

A
  • Orally
  • Intrauterin, intravaginal
  • For solutions (effervescents, eg. vitamins)
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5
Q

Tablet, coated tablet

Composition

A
  • Active compound: wide range
  • Auxiliary substances: vehicles, adhesives, lubricants, colouring agents, flavouring agents etc.
  • E.g.: vehicle; lactose, trehalose, cellulose etc.
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6
Q

Tablet, coated tablet

Coating

A

(oral use):

  • dragée (sugar coated pill, sugar and wax, sweet, slippy coat - easy to swallow)
  • film coated tablet: (protection, might be intestinosolvent)
    (e. g. gastro-irritant, or acid-sensitive active ingredients, TiO2-protects from UV light)
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7
Q

Tablet, coated tablet

  1. Dispensation
  2. Prescribing
A
  1. Dispensation: Plastic or aluminium leaves in a box (licensed prep.) „blister-package”
  2. Prescribing: Official preparations – very rare, but BP!, Licensed preparations
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8
Q

Bolus, pill

Definition + example

A

Orally administered, solid, divided, dosage form.
1. Traditional definition:
Bolus: walnut-size, spheric (5-15 g), large animal
Pill: pea-size, spheric (0.1-0.3 g), small animal
2. Modern definition:
Controlled release bolus: new dosage form, from which the active substance is released slowly, continuously or released in a pulsatile manner (intraruminal bolus)
e.g. Autoworm, Finisher Ruminal bolus (oxfendazole)

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9
Q

Bolus, pill

Usage

A

oral administration

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10
Q

Bolus, pill

Composition

A
  1. Rare active substance + adhesives (e.g. water, sugar syrup) + vehicle (e.g.starch)
  2. Different modern developments
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11
Q

Bolus, pill

  1. Dispensation
  2. Prescribing
A 
Dispensation:
1. Sac and box
2. Jar
Prescribing:
1. Prepared (rare)
2. Licensed
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12
Q

Herbal tea

Definition

A

Mixture of whole or fragmented herbal drugs, from

which the tea is prepared immediately before use.

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13
Q

Herbal tea

Usage

A
  • orally

- topically: cleaning or disinfecting wounds or eyes

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14
Q

Herbal tea

Types

A
  • Infusion: volatile oils, easy-to-extract substances, heat-sensitive (hot water over herbal tea fragments)
  • Decoction: hard-to-extract substances (e.g. tannic acid) (cocked in boiling water for hours)
  • Soaking: eg. vit.C, misteltoe (room temp. water for 2 days)
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15
Q

Herbal tea

Composition

A

Safe drug + herbal parts

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16
Q

Herbal tea

  1. Dispensation
  2. Prescribing
A

Dispensation: paper sachets, wax paper etc.
Prescription: Official preparations (e.g. Orange peel infusion), Prepared preparations

17
Q

Other solid dose forms

Types + Prescription

A 
A. Dosage forms bound to food:
-Blocks: Lick block
-Chewable tablet (Palatable/flavoured tablets)
B. Modified-release devices:
-Intraruminal device (bolus)
-Implants
-Transdermal patches
-Impregnated material: medicated collars, ear tags, medicated sponge
-Vaginal delivery system
-Intrauterine delivery system

-Licensed preparations

18
Q

Salt blocks

  1. Definiton
  2. Types
A
  1. Definition: Pressed, solid dosage form, from which the animals can take the drug with licking (grazing cattle, sheep, rabbit)
  2. Pure sodium chloride (most frequent)(e.g. Methopren!)
    NaCl + trace elements + vitamins
    NaCl + Insect hormone analogues
19
Q

Sugar „pie”

usage + example

A

Treatment of honeybees
E.g. varrua destructor - mite (parasite) - kills the bees in 3-5 years. Oxalic acid is used against it, harmless for bees but toxic for the mites.

20
Q

Modified-release devices

Characteristics

A
  • Extended duration of drug action
  • Less frequent apply -> less work
  • Fluctuating drug plasma peak levels are reduced
  • Lower dose and toxicity
  • Lower residue levels
  • More effective preventive and growth promoting programs
21
Q

Modified-release devices

Examples

A
  • Vit.C
  • “SR retard”
  • K-release: furosamide->incr. urin prod.->hypokalaemia->heart disease
22
Q

Several modern solutions

A
  • Insoluble matrix
  • Soluble matrix
  • Swelling matrix
  • OROS (Osmotic release oral system) (under tongue)
23
Q

Intraruminal device (bolus)

A
  • Developed specially for Ru, orally adm. preparations
  • Usually contain antiparasitic or other agents.
  • Can be adm. by a balling gun
24
Q

Continuous-release intraruminal device

A

-Slow, continuous release of the drug
-Active substance + matrix (polyamide, silicon etc.)
(iron, vitamins, dewormers) (soluble matrixes)

25
Q

Pulsatile release intraruminal device

A

-Many types (degrading dividing walls, chip-controlled)
-Anthelminthic agents
(most sophisticated, advanced, expensive)
(anthelmintic agents adjusted to the life cycle of the parasite)

26
Q

Implants, transdermal patches

A

-Active ingredient is impregnated into a plastic matrix, on the skin-surface or beneath the skin - drug-release is continuous

27
Q

Transdermal patches

A

Well absorbed from the skin -> systemic effect
Not general in veterinary practice (fur)
(eg. nicotine, morphine, animals: fentanyl 12-24h action)

28
Q

Implants

A
  • General in practice
  • Estrus synchronisation! (progestagens)
  • Deslorelin: slow release GNRH-agonist - chem. castration of dogs 6-9 months
  • Solid: with special tool
  • Solidify on body temp.: injection
29
Q

Vaginal delivery system (Intravaginal devices)

A
  • Drug delivery system intended to be inserted in the vagina where it releases its contents over an extended period of time.
  • Estrus synchronisation! (progestagens)
  • Not in horse
  • Can fall out
30
Q

Impregnated material

  • Types
  • Active ingredients
  • Prescription
  • Example
A

-Antiparasitic collars, ear tags
-Dog, cat (collar), ruminants (ear tags)
-Active ingredients:
• Wide spectrum (flea, tick, lice etc.)
• Repellent and insecticide too
• Prolonged effect
• Weather-resistant
-Usually without prescription
-Medicated sponges
-e.g. antibiotic sponges, intravaginal sponges

Pharmacology 1+2 (25 decks)

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