Indications for drugs Flashcards
Narrowed spectrum penicillins
Primary act against Gr+, Gr- fastidious (Pasteurella, Hemophillus, Actinobacillus, Mannheimia = RT infections) + leptospira (disease in swine) and Borrelia spp (lyme disease).
Penethamat
(Narrowed spectrum penicillins)
IM - Mastitis (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli ==> primary against Strep as others resistant)
Penamecillin
(Narrowed spectrum penicillins)
Orally - Poultry against necrotic enteritis (Clostridium)
Penicillinase (beta-lactamase) stable penicillins
Gr+, resistant to beta-lactamase (methicillin), against Staphylococci and Streptococci (mastitis, dermatitis, otitis)
- Mastitis: intramammary infusion
- Dermatitis: dog/cat: PO (but poor abs. = not primary choice)
Broad spectrum penicillins
-(Amoxicillin and Ampicillin) Both Gr+ and Gr-, including E. coli, Salmonella, Proteus (UTI), Bacteroides, Fusobacterium (foot diseases - Ru, mouth diseases - small animal) (but Pseudomonas is resistant) -Everything from narrowed spectrum -UTI (E. coli = produce beta lactamase, amoxicillin accumulate in urine at very high cc. and not affected by beta lactamase - Amoxicillin-clavulanate!) -GI infections (amoxicillin + clav. a.) -Dermatitis -Soft tissue infection -Lyme disease -Osteomyelitis (combinations)
Penicillins acting against pseudomonas species
Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin - peritonitis (life threatening)
o Piperacillin: combine w. taxobactam = best combo, IV/IM
o Ticarcillin: orally, combined w. clavulenic acid
Beta-lacatamase inhibitors
- Gr+ : Staphylococci
* Gr- : E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Bacteriodes, Bordatella, Haemophilus
Cephalosporins
- Mastitis (Gr+: 1st, Gr-: 3rd) – intra-mammary
- Dermatitis, soft tissue infections (1st / 3rd gen)
- Respiratory infections (3rd/4th)
- Urinary tract infections (2nd/3rd)
- Meningitis, encephalitis, Lyme disease (3rd) – IV
- Praeoperative, intraoperative prophylaxis (1st)
1st Generation Cephalosporins
- Pronounced activity against Gr+ bacteria (Staph!)
- Fastidious Gr-
- Streptococcus
- Mastitis, skin infection - dermatitis, ear infections,
- UTI (accumulated in the urine, although caused by Gr- E.coli)
- Great majority of E. Coli, P. Mirabilis and Klebsiella spp. sensitive, but increased in 2nd and 3rd generation.
- S. auerus, S. intermedius (also penicillinase-producing!)
- Enterobacteriaceae family (not lactamase-producing Gr-).
2nd Generation Cephalosporins
-Less pronounced activity against Gr+
-Gr-: active against several lactamase producers! (E. coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp. etc.).
-B. Frigilis (only cefoxitin)
(Rarely used)
-UTI
-Bite wounds
-Skin infections
3rd generation Cephalosporins
- Weak activity against Gr+
- Gr-: potent activity against most beta-lactamase producers! E.coli and Respiratory Gr- very sensitive
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Cefoperazone, ceftazidime
- UTI
- Respiratory tract infections
- Intestinal infections
4th generation Cephalosporins
- Good activity against Gr+ and Gr-. Best and most expensive group.
- Gr-: most lactamase producers
Cephalexin
(1st Generation Cephalosporins)
- Mastitis (intra-mammary infusion)
- Dermatitis & otitis (orally)
- Dose: 15-25mg
Cephapirin, Cefacetril, Cephazoline
(1st Generation Cephalosporins)
- Mastitis and metritis - intra-mammary infusion
- Cephazoline: preoperative prophylaxis (wound infections)– against Staphylococci & Streptococci [given IV half an hour before surgery]
Cefuroxime
(2nd Generation Cephalosporins)
-Increased activity against H. Infulenzae compared to 1st generation - pneumonia - injection (Cefuroxime-axetil: orally)
