Sedatives Flashcards
1
Q
Main sedatives
A
A. Tansquillisers (major) 1. Phenothiazine derivates 2. Butyrophenone 3. (Rauwolfia alkaloids - reserpine) B. Hypnosedatives (sedative-hypnotics) 1. Alpha2-agonists: - Xylazine (Rompun, Rometar, Xylavet) - Medetomidine, Dexmedetomidine (Domitor, Dexdomitor) - Romifidine (Sedivet), Detomidine (Domesedan) Anxiolytics (minor tranq) 2. Benzodiazepines: -Diazepam (Seduxen) -Chlordiazepoxide (Elenium) 3. Propandiol-derivatives: -Meprobemate 4. Other compounds: -Barbiturates (long acting) -Alcohols, Aldehydes, Br- and Mg2+ salts
2
Q
Phenothiazine derivates
A
- Propriopromazine (Combelen)
- Acepromazine (Vetranquil, Atrovet)
- Chlorpromazine (Hibernal)
- Prometazine (Pipolphen)
3
Q
Butyrophenones
A
- Azaperone (Stresnil)
- (Haloperidol, Droperidol, Fluanisone)
4
Q
Alpha2-agonists
A
- Xylazine (Rompun, Rometar, Xylavet)
- Medetomidine, Dexmedetomidine (Domitor, Dexdomitor)
- Romifidine (Sedivet) and Detomidine (Domesedan)
Anxiolytics (minor tranq)
5
Q
Benzodiazepines
A
- Diazepam (Seduxen)
- Chlordiazepoxide (Elenium)
6
Q
Propandiol-derivatives
A
-Meprobemate
7
Q
Uses of phenothiazines
A
- Calming, sedative
- Muscle relax. (no analg.)
- Premed. before general anaest.
8
Q
Side effects of phenothiazines
A
- Hypotension -> collapse
- Tissue irritation, allergy, excitation in horses
- Penile prolapse in horses
- Third eyelid prolaps in pets
- Incr. prolactin, FSH, decr. LH, ADH and oxytoxin
- Epilepsy, extrapyramidal symptoms
- Bulldogs and boxers are sensitive
- Not before transportation before abattoir
9
Q
Effects of Chlorpromazine
A
- Side effects-frequently
- Paradox reaction in horses
- Tissue irritation, allergy
10
Q
Effects of Propiopromazine
A
More reliable, less side effects
11
Q
Effects of Acepromazine
A
- More efficiacy than Chlorpromazine
- Less side effects
- Good oral bioavail.
- Halothan hyperthermia and arrhytmogenecity decr.
12
Q
Effects of Prometazine
A
- Less potent
- Incr. antihist. and anti-5-HT effects
13
Q
Effects of Butirophenones
A
-More potent than Phenothiazines (some analgesic effect) Side effects: -Transient salivation or panting -Hypotension, resp. stim. -Boar penile prolapse -Avoid uses in very cold conditions
14
Q
Main effects of hypnosedatives
A
- Sedative
- Anxiolytic
- Hypnotic (induce sleep)
- Muscle relaxation
- Anticonvulsive
15
Q
Effects of Xylazine
A
-Sedative-analgesic, used in all dom.animals
Side effects:
-Emetics and vomiting in cats and dogs
-Bradycardia, malignant arrhytmias
-Sweating in horses
-Ecbolicaction: contraindictive in pregnant females
-Tympani in Ru
