Opiods Flashcards
Pharmacological effects of opiod receptors
- Analgesia
- Sedation
- Euphoria
- Decr. GI motility
- Incr. appetite
- Other GI effects: vomiting, decr. biliary secr.
- Resp. dep.
- Urin.syst.: antidiuresis, decr. urin voiding reflex
- Miosis/Mydriasis
- Immunomodulation
Opiods w. equal potency, but different efficacy
A. Fentanyl (most)
B. Morphine
C. Methadone
D. Pethidine
Opiod agonists
- Codeine
- Etorphine
- Morhpine
- Fentanyl
- Methadone
- Pethidine
- (Tramadol, Hydrocodone, Oxymorphine)
Opiod mixed agonist/antagonist
- Bubrenorphine
- Butorphanol
- Pentazocine
- Nalarphine
Opiod antagonist
-Naloxone
-Naltrexone
(-Diprenorphine)
Which opiods have the most analgesic potency?
- Etorphine
- Fentanyl
- Buprenorphine
- Oxymorphine
- Butorphanol
- Morphine
- Methadone
- Pentazocine
- Pethidine
Which opiod can be used for premed.?
Butorphanol (tranq.) + Buprenorphine
Which opiod can be used during anaest. - neuroleptanalgesia?
- Fentanyl/morphine+Propofol/isoflurane/sevoflurane
- Etorphine+acepromazine
- Fentanyl + Droperidol
- Buprenorphine+acepromazine
Which opiod is good to give with infusionpump?
Fentanyl: very short 1/2 life -> infusionpump
Which opiod is good to give on transdermal patch?
Fentanyl; Alfentanyl
Which opiod is good to give orally?
Tramedol, Methadone
Main effects of opiods?
- Analgesia (antinociceptive)
- Sedative + euphoria in dogs and humans
- Calming
- Excitation in cats (!) - should be combined w. anaest.
Which opiod are good for antitussive?
- Codeine: less potent than morphine (cats are sensitive)
- Tramadol: less potent than morphine
- Hydrocodone
What is the main disadvantage of morphine?
- Onset of action os slow (30-40 min)
- Causes significant hist. release (comb. w. azepromazine!)
- Very bad orally abs.
Main effects of Etorphine
- Only used for capturing wild animals
- Hunter must always carry the antidote (antagonist; diprenorphine)
- Very big resp. dep.
- Not used clinically
