Chapter 14 - Abnormality

Question 1

Cultural syndrome

Answer 1

• Sets of particular symptoms of distress found in particular cultures, which may or may not be recognized as an illness within the culture.

Question 2

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 2

• Perspective in which abnormal thinking or behavior is seen as the result of the combined and interacting forces of biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences.

Question 3

Anxiety Disorder

Answer 3

• Class is disorders in which the primary symptom is excessive or unrealistic anxiety.

Question 4

Free-floating anxiety

Answer 4

• Anxiety that is unrelated to any specific or known cause.

Question 5

Phobia

Answer 5

• An irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity.

Question 6

Social anxiety disorder (social phobia)

Answer 6

• Fear is interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation.

Question 7

Specific phobia

Answer 7

• Fear of objects or specific situations or events.

Question 8

Claustrophobic

Answer 8

• Fear of being in a small, enclosed space.

Question 9

Acrophobia

Answer 9

• Fear of heights.

Question 10

Agoraphobia

Answer 10

• Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible.

Question 11

Panic attack

Answer 11

• Sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of trees occur, often with feelings that one is dying.

Question 12

Panic disorder

Answer 12

• Disorder in which panic attacks occur more than once or repeatedly, and cause persistent worry or changes in behavior.

Question 13

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 13

• Disorder in which a person has feelings of dread and impending doom along with physical symptoms of stress, which lasts 6 months or more.

Question 14

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Answer 14

• Disorder in which intruding recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental act (compulsion).

Question 15

Acute stress disorder (ASD)

Answer 15

• A Disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with Symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, recurring nightmares, sleep disturbances, problems in concentration, and moments in which people seem to “relive” the event in dreams and flashbacks for as long as 1 month following the event.

Question 16

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 16

• A Disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with Symptoms of anxiety, dissociation, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting for more than 1 month; Symptoms may appear immediately, or not occur until 6 months or later after the traumatic event.

Question 17

Magnification

Answer 17

• The tendency to interpret situations as far more dangerous, harmful, or important than they actually are.

Question 18

All-or-nothing thinking

Answer 18

• The tendency to believe that one’a performance must be perfect or the result will be a total failure.

Question 19

Overgeneralization

Answer 19

• Distortion of thinking in which a person draws sweeping conclusions based on only one incident or event and applies those conclusions to events that are unrelated to the original; the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat and failure.

Question 20

Minimization

Answer 20

• Distortions or thinking in which a person blows negative event out of proportion to its importance (magnification) while ignoring relevant positive events (minimization).

Question 21

Dissociative disorders

Answer 21

• Disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination.

Question 22

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 22

• Disorder occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body.

Question 23

Affect

Answer 23

• In Psychology, a term indicating “emotion” or “mood”.

Question 24

Mood disorder

Answer 24

• Disorders in which mood is severely disturbed.

Question 25

Major depressive disorder

Answer 25

-Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause, or is too severe for current circumstances.

Question 26

Manic

Answer 26

• Having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability.

Question 27

Bipolar disorder

Answer 27

-Periods is mood that may range from normal to manic, with or without episodes of depression (bipolar 1 disorder), or spans of normal mood interspersed with episodes of major depression and episodes of hypomania (bipolar 2 disorder).

Question 28

Anorexia Nervosa (anorexia)

Answer 28

• a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that their body weight is significantly low, or less than minimally expected. In adults, this is likely associated with a BMI 18.5.

Question 29

Bulimia Nervosa (Bulimia)

Answer 29

• A condition in which a person develops a cycle of “binging”, or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain.

Question 30

Binge-eating Disorder

Answer 30

• A condition in which a person overeats, or binges, on enormous amounts of food at one sitting, but unlike bulimia Nervosa, the individual does not then purge or use other unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain.

Question 31

Sexual dysfunction

Answer 31

• A problem is sexual functioning.

Question 32

Schizophrenia

Answer 32

• Severe Disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, and inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality.

Question 33

Psychotic

Answer 33

• Refers to an individuals inability to separate what is real and what is fantasy.

Question 34

Delusions

Answer 34

• False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness.

Question 35

Hallucinations

Answer 35

• False sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices that do not really exist.

Question 36

Flat affect

Answer 36

• A lack of emotional responsiveness.

Question 37

Catatonia

Answer 37

• Disturbed behavior ranging from statue-like immobility to bursts of energetic, frantic movement, and talking.

Question 38

Positive symptoms

Answer 38

• Symptoms of schizophrenia that are excesses of behavior or occur in addition to normal behavior; hallucinations, delusions, and distorted thinking.

Question 39

Negative symptoms

Answer 39

• Symptoms of schizophrenia that are less than normal behavior or an absence of normal behavior; poor attention, flat affect, and poor speech production.

Question 40

Personality disorders

Answer 40

• Disorders in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions.

Question 41

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

Answer 41

• Disorder in which a person uses other people without worrying about their rights or feelings and often behaves in an impulsive or reckless manner without regard for the consequences of that behavior.

Question 42

Borderline personality disorder (BLPD)

Answer 42

• Maladaptive personality pattern in which the person is moody, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others with a pattern of self-destructiveness, chronic loneliness, and disruptive anger in close relationships.