8-OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI Flashcards
(230 cards)
1
Q
MOT:
A
inhalation of conidia
2
Q
Form colonies within
A
several days
3
Q
soil and decaying matter
A
Saprophytic fungi
4
Q
Disease caused:
A
Phaehyphomycosis
Hyalohyphomycosis
5
Q
Inhibited by many
A
antimicrobial agents
6
Q
Must be repeatedly (?) in patients
A
isolated
7
Q
Hyphae are
A
hyaline
8
Q
Conidiogenous cells
A
Phialide
Annellides
9
Q
Determinate: stops elongating when 1st conidium appears
A
Phialide
10
Q
Indeterminate: continues to grow even when 1st conidium appears
A
Annellides
11
Q
arises from pores of the hyphae
A
Poroconidia
12
Q
glabrous/ velvety
A
DEMATIACEOUS
13
Q
dark brown to black septate hyphae
A
DEMATIACEOUS
14
Q
asexual reproduction
A
DEMATIACEOUS
15
Q
causes Aspergillosis
A
Aspergillus Group
16
Q
conidiophores terminate in a swollen vesicle
A
Aspergillus Group
17
Q
Bronchopulmonary Disease: Farmer’s Lung
A
Aspergillus Group
18
Q
Swimmer’s Ear
A
Aspergillus Group
19
Q
- produces one series of structures between vesicle and conidium
A
Uniseriate
20
Q
- forms two series of intermediate structures
A
Biseriate
21
Q
- HYALINE SEPTATE
A
- Aspergillus Group
- Penicillus Group
22
Q
conidiophores branching into a penicillus
A
Penicillus Group
23
Q
brush-like arrangement due to branching of conidiophore
A
Penicillus Group
24
Q
Cottony
A
ZYGOMYCETES/ ASEPTATE
25
fast growers: 4 or 3 to 5 days
ZYGOMYCETES/ ASEPTATE
26
Sexual/ asexual (sporangiospore)
ZYGOMYCETES/ ASEPTATE
27
few or no septum
ZYGOMYCETES/ ASEPTATE
28
misdiagnosed as bacterial sinusitis
Alternaria
29
easiest to identify among all fungi
Curvularia
30
only cause chronic sinusitis on immunocompetent px
Curvularia
31
Phaeohyphomycosis
Alternaria
32
sinusitis, asthma, osteomyelitis, eye and ear infection
Alternaria
33
respiratory infections, meningistis, osteomyelitis
Bipolaris
34
allergies, onychomycosis, endocarditis
Curvularia
35
mycotic keratitis, allergies
Drechslera
36
shades of brown to black
Alternaria
37
cottony and dirty gray to black
Curvularia
38
Poroconidia: club shaped
Alternaria
39
Poroconidia: aranged acropetally
Alternaria
40
with transverse and longitudinal septa
Alternaria
41
Conidiophores: geniculate (bent knee)
Bipolaris
42
Conidia: sympodial and indeterminate
Bipolaris
43
Conidia: pea pod shaped
Bipolaris
44
Hyphae: dematiaceous septate with thin walls
45
Conidia: with transverse septum shaped like ellipse
3 to 5 cells
Curvularia
46
“crescent roll”
Curvularia
47
Conidiophores: single, branched and geniculate
Drechslera
48
Conidia: sympodial indeterminate
Drechslera
49
skin allergies
Epicoccum
50
Hyphae: intertwined and branched together
Epicoccum
51
Conidiophore: short
Epicoccum
52
Conidia: globose to subglobose
Epicoccum
53
clinically significant
Fusarium
54
can be isolated
Fusarium
55
most famous opportunistic fungi
Fusarium
56
infected contact lenses; affected 100 individuals
Fusarium
57
keratitis, onychomycosis, fungemia (blood)
Fusarium
58
endocarditis, keratitis
Helminthosporium
59
keratitis
Nigrospora
60
Rose to mauve to purple to yellow
Fusarium
61
Hyphae: intertwined and branched together
Epicoccum
62
Conidiophore: short Conidia: globose to subglobose
Epicoccum
63
no conidiophores
Fusarium
64
abundant macroconidia with fewer microconidia
Fusarium
65
Conidiophore: determinate, straight
Helminthosporium
66
Conidia: slightly curved with a tapering end
Helminthosporium
67
Conidia: dark and oval (most distinct appearance)
Nigrospora
68
attached to the conidiophore at its side
Nigrospora
69
kidney-like arrangement
Nigrospora
70
colonization, allergy, disseminated infection, toxicity
Aspergillus fumigatus
71
due to toxin production
Aspergillus flavus
72
otomycosis, aspergilloma, nasal sinus infection
Aspergillus niger
73
invasive disseminated aspergillosis meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis
Aspergillus terreus
74
smallest Asperigilli
Aspergillus terreus
75
SABHI: granular/fluffy or powdery growth within 2 days or (3-6 days: flat white colonies)
Aspergillus fumigatus
76
Culture Media: Modified SDA with chloramphenicol or gentamicin
Aspergillus fumigatus
77
w/ Abs: to inhibit bacte growth
Culture Media
78
Czapek's Agar (mostly used)
Aspergillus fumigatus
79
with magnesium and ferrous sulfate with sucrose and potassium salts to enhance pigmentation
Czapek's Agar
80
w/ Incubator at 500oC
Czapek's Agar
81
grows at 500 C
Czapek's Agar
82
usually a Hospital Acquired Infection
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI
83
affects immunosuppressed patients (ex. AIDS, HIV, diabetes)
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI
84
rapid growers
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI
Alternaria
Fusarium
85
Significant
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI
86
Can be contaminants
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI
87
Used to confirm diagnosis
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI
88
Microscopic identification (not limited to macroscopic or colonies)
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI
89
(dematiacious fungi; involves skin and subcutaneous)
Phaehyphomycosis
90
(forms hyphae)
Hyalohyphomycosis
91
- where conidia arises
Conidiogenous cells
92
: produces conidia
asexual reproduction
93
treatment: antibiotic
Alternaria
94
seen in grasses/leaves
Alternaria
95
seen in grass/leaves, decaying vegetations
Curvularia
96
with tail
Drechslera
97
growth upwards/youngest cell is at the tip
Alternaria
98
pea pod shaped
Bipolaris
99
clinically significant
Fusarium
100
can be isolated
Fusarium
101
most famous opportunistic fungi
Fusarium
102
Culture: grows at 370 C
Aspergillus flavus
103
SDA: 3 – 6 days; yellow to yellowgreen pigment
Aspergillus flavus
104
Culture: grows at 25 – 370 C
Aspergillus niger
105
SDA: 2 – 6 days; flat and white with jet black conidia
Aspergillus niger
106
Resembles sprinkled “black pepper” (same w/ P. notatum)
SDA
107
Culture: 25 – 300 C
Aspergillus terreus
108
SDA: 5 – 10 days; heavy sporulation
Aspergillus terreus
109
Hyphae: broad, branches at 450
Aspergillus fumigatus
110
Conidiophores: smooth walled, light green or brown
Aspergillus fumigatus
111
with foot cell
Aspergillus fumigatus
112
Vesicles: flask shaped, uniseriate flaskshaped phialides
Aspergillus fumigatus
113
Phialoconidia: round and echinulate
Aspergillus fumigatus
114
Stain: LCPB
Aspergillus fumigatus
115
looks like a child who stuck his finger in a live socket
Aspergillus fumigatus
116
Hyphae: broad, with foot cell
Aspergillus flavus
117
Conidiophores: thick-walled, coarsely roughened
Aspergillus flavus
118
Vesicles: large and globose, biseriate
Aspergillus flavus
119
Phialoconodia: unicellular and globose
Aspergillus flavus
120
Hyphae: similar to others
Aspergillus niger
121
Conidiophores: same with A. fumigatus, longest
Aspergillus niger
122
Vesicles: spherical, biseriate, jetblack
Aspergillus niger
123
Phialides: flask-shaped
Aspergillus niger
124
Phialoconidia: produced basipetally
Aspergillus niger
125
same with A. flavus
Aspergillus terreus
126
Vesicle: dome shaped, biseriate
Aspergillus terreus
127
Cause: Chronic Fungal Sinusitis
Penicillium
128
Seen everywhere
Penicillium
129
Confused as Penicillium
Paecilomyces
130
rarely cause infections
Penicillium
131
contaminant in hospitals, pulmonary infections
Paecilomyces
132
contaminant, onychomycosis
Scopulariopsis
133
usually 4 days (rapid growers)
Penicillium
134
except Penicillium marneffei, 2 weeks
Penicillium
135
velvety to powdery
Penicillium
136
colonies: blue-green with white reverse
Penicillium
137
3 to 4 days (rapid growers)
Paecilomyces
138
Flat, granular to velvety colonies in shades of tan, brownish gold, or mauve
Paecilomyces
139
o Serious care must be taken
Paecilomyces
140
o BSC w/ heap filter
Paecilomyces
141
2 – 4 days
Scopulariopsis
142
velvety to powdery
Scopulariopsis
143
Hyphae: thin Conidiophores: erect, penicillus, with secondary phialide
Penicillium
144
Phialoconidia: basipetal growth
Penicillium
145
Hyphae: hyaline septate
Paecilomyces
146
Conidiophores: erect with irregular branching
Paecilomyces
147
o with metullae and phialides
Paecilomyces
148
o phialides have long tapering necks
Paecilomyces
149
Phialoconidia: produced at the tips
Paecilomyces
150
Hyphae: broad
Scopulariopsis
151
Annellophores: short septate
Scopulariopsis
152
o cannot be distinguished from hyphae
Scopulariopsis
153
o resembles Penicillium
Scopulariopsis
154
Annellides: cylindrical or flask-shaped
Scopulariopsis
155
Annelloconidia: basipetal growth, pyriform (pearshaped) - with nipple-like projections
Scopulariopsis
156
Contaminant (hospital)
Acremonium
Trichoderma
157
Hyalohyphomycosis
CM: pulmonary and skin infections
Trichoderma
158
non-pathogenic
Gliocladium
Sepedonium
159
Recovered in the environment worldwide
Trichoderma
160
waxy, velvety with pink reverse
Acremonium
161
4 – 5 days covering the plate with flat white colonies growth
Trichoderma
162
Hyphae: delicate and thin forming intertwining ropes
Acremonium
163
Phialophores: slender, upright or at right angle; long and tapering at the tip
Acremonium
164
Phialoconidia: unicellular, egg-shaped in clusters
Acremonium
165
Hyphae: thin
Trichoderma
166
Phialophores: short and erect, branching at right angle; swells at the center and tapers at the tip
Trichoderma
167
Phialoconidia: subglobose to elliptical in clusters
Trichoderma
168
Conidia: green
Trichoderma
169
Rarely causes disease
Chrysosporium
170
Recovered in nails
Chrysosporium
171
adiaspiromycosis
hyalohyphomycosis
Chrysosporium
172
(enlargement of conidia in tisue without replication)
adiaspiromycosis
173
6 days, floccose and flat + thick or gray or tan pigment
Chrysosporium
174
Hyphae: with spiral vegetative structures
Chrysosporium
175
Conidiophores: similar to hyphae
Chrysosporium
176
Conidia: one-celled, clavate; with numerous arthroconidia
Chrysosporium
177
Mucor + Rhizopus
Rhizomucor
178
Most common-causing human disease
Rhizopus
179
Patients w/ diabetic and ketoacidosis
Rhizopus
180
May also be fatal to healthy patients
Rhizopus
181
Rarely causes human disease
Syncephalastrum
182
Cutaneous infections
Syncephalastrum
183
Resembles Aspergillus
Syncephalastrum
184
Rhinocerebralzygomycoses
Mucor
185
Young: Cottony, dirty white colonies
Mucor
186
Mature: Mousy brown to gray
Mucor
187
salt and pepper colony surface (covers the entire agar)
Rhizopus
188
woolly, cottony
Rhizopus
189
Young: white
Mature: gray to brown
Rhizopus
190
Resembles a test tube which contains a stack of marbles inside
Syncephalastrum
191
Columellae: cone-shaped with a pointed apex; resembles a Hershey’s Kiss
Absidia
192
Rhizoid: rudimentary
Absidia
Rhizomucor
Syncephalastrum
193
Rhizoids: well developed
Rhizopus
194
Rhizoids: none
Mucor
195
Sporangiophore: long and straight, with collarette
Mucor
196
Columellae: varying shapes
Mucor
197
Sporangium: globose
Mucor
198
Hyphae: widest hyphae among others
Rhizomucor
199
Sporangiophores: arise irregularly, intermodal; with collarette; without apophysis
Rhizomucor
200
Columellae: globose
Rhizomucor
201
Sporangium: round and black
Rhizomucor
202
Columellae: hemispherical with a flattened base; when mature, it bends resembling an up-side-down umbrella
Rhizopus
203
Merosporangium: resembles tubes or fingers that radiate from the around the vesicle
Syncephalastrum
204
Hyphae: thin walled; branching at right angles
Absidia
205
Sporangiophore: 2- 5 internodal group; apophysis remains when sporangium ruptures; with collarette
Absidia
206
Sporangium: pyriform, becomes brown or gray with age
Absidia
207
Hyphae: thick walled
Mucor
208
Hyphae: thin walled
Rhizopus
209
Sporangiophores: light brown, long and straight; nodal; with apophysis
Rhizopus
210
Sporangium: with varying size and with flattened base
Rhizopus
211
Hyphae: not as wide as other
Syncephalastrum
212
Zygomycetes: branches at right angles
Syncephalastrum
213
Sporangiophores: arise sympodially; long and erect; branches are short and curved; enlarges to a swollen vesicle
Syncephalastrum
214
Hershey’s
Absidia
215
Internodal
Absidia
Rhizomucor
216
Rudimentary
Absidia
Rhizomucor
Syncephalastrum
217
Arched stolon
Absidia
218
Variable
Mucor
219
Solitary
Mucor
220
None
Mucor
221
No apophysis
Mucor
222
Globose
Rhizomucor
223
Wide hyphae
Rhizomucor
224
Hemispherical
Rhizopus
225
Nodal
Rhizopus
226
Well developed
Rhizopus
227
Columella collapses
Rhizopus
228
Round vesicle
Syncephalastrum
229
Straight, branching
Syncephalastrum
230
Merosporangia
Syncephalastrum
